Extending the Superrench Line
After the initial introduction of "Superrench" alloy-steel tools in 1925,
Williams quickly expanded the line to include other tools and wrench styles.
By late 1930 Williams was offering a full line of
Sockets and Drive Tools.
Box-end and water-pump "Superrenches" were available by 1931,
angled box-end wrenches were offered by 1937,
and combination wrenches were available by the late 1930s.
In this section we'll look at some of these later additions to the "Superrench" line.
Water-Pump Wrenches
In the late 1920s the Blue Point division of Snap-on introduced a new type of wrench
that combined features of both open-end and box-end wrenches.
The wrench opening had a 12-point broaching but was partially open,
allowing it to slip over a shaft and turn a nut with more points of contact than
an open-end wrench.
The new wrench was intended for servicing the fragile packing nut on automobile water pumps,
leading to its common name, the water-pump wrench.
The wrench design was based on a patent by B.B. Gillett,
issued first as patent
#1,626,809 in 1927,
but reissued in 1929 as patent
#RE17,417,
the latter with an assignment to Blue Point Tools.
An example of the Blue Point production can be seen as the
Blue Point 940 Water-Pump Wrench.
J.H. Williams licensed the Gillett patent and produced water-pump wrenches similar to those
offered by Blue Point,
and also offered a double-ended version unique to Williams.
Fig. 366 shows
a notice for the Williams water-pump wrenches,
as published on page 45 of the May 10, 1930 issue of Automobile Topics.
The text notes that the wrenches were part of the "Superrench" line and were made from
chrome-molybdenum steel.
Our earliest catalog reference for the Williams water-pump wrenches is from an A-341 catalog update booklet
dated July of 1931,
which offered 15 models of single-ended wrenches and five models of the double-ended style.
The Williams water-pump wrenches were produced at least through 1945,
but were no longer listed in the A-50 catalog of 1947.
8936 1-1/8 Water-Pump Wrench
Our first example
of this wrench style is shown in Fig. 367,
a Williams 8936 1-1/8 water-pump wrench,
stamped with the Williams name and "Made U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo.
The short shank is marked "Water Pump Superrench" in forged raised letters,
with "Chrome-Molybdenum" on the back side.
The overall length is 6.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
8938 1-3/16 Water-Pump Wrench
Fig. 368 shows
a similar example,
a Williams 8938 1-3/16 water-pump wrench stamped with the Williams name and "Made U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo.
As with the previous example,
the shank is marked with "Water Pump Superrench" forged into the front,
with "Chrome-Molybdenum" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 7.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
8940 1-1/4 Water-Pump Wrenches
The next figures show two generations of the Williams 8940 Water-Pump wrench.
Fig. 369 shows
an earlier Williams 8940 1-1/4 water-pump wrench,
stamped with the Williams name and "Made U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo.
The shank is marked with "Water Pump Superrench" forged into one side,
with "Chrome-Molybdenum" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 7.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
Fig. 370 shows
a later Williams 8940 1-1/4 water-pump wrench,
stamped with the Williams name and "Made U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo.
The shank has forged-in markings "Water Pump Superrench" on one side,
with "Alloy" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 7.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
The "Alloy" marking suggests a production date in the mid 1940s.
8942 1-5/16 Water-Pump Wrench
Fig. 371 shows
a Williams 8942 1-5/16 water-pump wrench,
stamped with the Williams name and "Made U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo.
The shank is marked with "Water Pump Superrench" forged into the front (top inset),
with "Chrome-Molybdenum" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 6.9 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
8946 1-7/16 Water-Pump Wrenches
The next figures show two generations of the Williams 8946 water-pump wrench.
Fig. 372 shows
an earlier Williams 8946 1-7/16 water-pump wrench,
stamped with the Williams name and "Forged in U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo.
The shank is marked with "Water Pump Superrench" forged into the front
with "Chrome-Molybdenum" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 7.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
Fig. 373 shows
a later Williams 8946 1-7/16 water-pump wrench,
stamped with the Williams name and "Made U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo.
The shank has forged-in markings "Water Pump Superrench" on one side,
with "Alloy" and a "V" code forged into the back side.
The overall length is 7.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
The "Alloy" marking suggests a production date in the mid 1940s.
8948 1-1/2 Water-Pump Wrench
Fig. 374 shows
a Williams 8948 1-1/2 water-pump wrench,
stamped with the Williams name and "Made U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo.
The shank has forged-in markings "Water Pump Superrench" on one side,
with "Alloy" and a "V" code forged into the back side.
The overall length is 7.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
The "Alloy" marking suggests a production date in the mid 1940s.
8960 3/4x1-1/32 Double-Ended Water-Pump Wrench
In addition to the single-ended water-pump wrenches,
Williams also offered the water-pump design in a double-ended style believed to be unique to Williams.
The 1931 Williams A-341 catalog offered five models of double-ended water-pump wrenches,
which together covered the sizes needed to service the more popular automobiles.
The models and sizes were 8960 (3/4x1-1/32), 8960B (7/8x1-1/8), 8962 (1x1-3/16), 8962D (1-1/16x1-1/4),
and 8966 (1-5/16x1-1/2).
These five wrenches were also available together as a "Water-Pump Set" No. 8960 with a $20.25 list price.
(Note that the set oddly has the same number as one of the component wrenches.)
The next figures show examples of this unusual double-ended style.
Fig. 375 shows
a Williams 8960 3/4x1-1/32 water-pump wrench,
stamped "Williams" and "Made U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo,
and with a "Patent RE.17417" patent notice.
The shank is marked with "Water Pump Superrench" forged into the front,
with "Chrome-Molybdenum" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 6.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
8962 1x1-3/32 Double-Ended Water-Pump Wrench
Fig. 376 shows
a Williams 8962 1x1-3/16 water-pump wrench,
stamped "Williams" and "Made U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo,
and with a "Patent RE.17417" patent notice.
The shank is marked "Water Pump Superrench" in forged raised letters,
with "Chrome-Molybdenum" on the back side.
The overall length is 7.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
The 1931 Williams A-341 catalog offered five models of double-ended water-pump wrenches,
which together covered the sizes needed to service the more popular automobiles.
All five wrenches were available together as a No. 8960 set with a $20.25 list price.
8962D 1-1/16x1-1/4 Double-Ended Water-Pump Wrench
Fig. 377 shows
a Williams 8962D 1-1/16x1-1/4 water-pump wrench,
stamped "Williams" and "Made U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo,
and with a "Patent RE.17417" patent notice.
The shank is marked "Water Pump Superrench" in forged raised letters,
with "Chrome-Molybdenum" on the back side.
The overall length is 7.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
8966 1-5/16x1-1/2 Double-Ended Water-Pump Wrench
Fig. 377B shows
a Williams 8966 1-5/16x1-1/2 water-pump wrench,
stamped "Williams" and "Forged in U.S.A."
with the W-Diamond logo,
and with a "Patent RE.17417" patent notice.
The shank is marked "Water Pump Superrench" in forged raised letters,
with "Chrome-Molybdenum" on the back side.
The overall length is 8.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces.
1232A 1-1/32 Single-Open WaterPump Wrench
Before Williams brought out its own line of waterpump wrenches,
the company apparently offered single-open waterpump wrenches made by Bonney.
These wrenches are rare and the next example is the only one we've seen.
Fig. 378 shows
a rare Williams 1232A 1-1/32 single-open waterpump wrench,
stamped with the model number on the shank,
and with the W-Diamond logo
and "U.S.A." on the face.
The shank is also marked with a forged-in code "DU.." recognizable as a Bonney date code for 1929.
The overall length is 6.8 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating,
with extensive losses due to wear and rust.
The Bonney date code cycles every 14 years and so could represent 1943,
but we think that's unlikely since Williams was producing its own waterpump wrenches at that time.
The 1929 date places this wrench before the development of the Williams waterpump wrenches,
indicating that the company had planned to offer Bonney wrenches before deciding to make its own
using the Gillett design.
The discovery of this rare artifact has revealed a previously unknown facet of toolmaking history.
Round-Shank Box-End Wrenches
Williams introduced 12-point box-end wrenches some years after the first "Superrench" wrenches
were offered.
Although the exact date is not known,
box-end wrenches were definitely available by July of 1931,
based on an A-373 catalog update booklet from that time.
These first generation box wrenches featured round shanks and were marked "Duohex-Box",
with "Duohex" signifying the double-hex (12-point) broaching.
The early 12-point wrenches were also marked with a notation for patent
#1,424,069,
issued in 1922 to F. Blackmar.
This patent describes the design of a 12-point box wrench with an offset handle,
and appears to have a bit of a curious history.
There's no patent assignment listed with the initial patent document,
but Snap-On seems to have acquired it at a later date,
possibly around 1930.
In the early 1930s Snap-On marked some 12-point wrenches with the patent number,
and a few other companies did so as well.
(Snap-On also marked some 12-point sockets with the patent.)
The Williams catalogs for 1931 and 1933 acknowledge licensing the Blackmar patent,
but by 1937 were no longer mentioning it in the catalogs.
Thus the presence of the patent marking on a wrench indicates a
likely production date in the early 1930s.
Box wrenches were initially offered in three styles or patterns:
a single-offset style with both openings of the same size,
plus standard and short double-offset styles with different-sized openings.
In later years two new styles were added,
standard and short box wrenches with straight (non-offset) shanks and angled box ends.
These new angled box wrenches were also associated with the introduction of an
Oval-Shank Design.
The opening sizes for the double-offset (and angled box-end) wrenches were chosen to
follow the same pairings as the older industry-standard open-end wrench models.
(See our table Industry-Standard Wrench Models for more information.)
The model numbers for the wrenches were then assigned by adding a prefix number to
the industry-standard number for the same size combination.
Since box wrenches were offered in several configurations --
angled box-ends, offset shanks, and standard or short lengths --
different prefixes were needed to distinguish the models.
For the earliest models Williams used an 8000 prefix for the standard double-offset box wrenches
and a 9000 prefix for the short offset models.
For example,
a 1/2x9/16 wrench in the standard double-offset box style became an (8000 + 725B) or
Model 8725B Wrench.
Later models used a 6000 prefix for the short angled box wrenches
and a 7000 prefix for the standard angled box wrenches.
(A 4000 prefix was also used briefly,
possibly only for military contracts during the war.)
As another example,
a 3/8x7/16 wrench in the short angled box style became a (6000 + 723) or
Model 6723 Wrench.
What about the model numbers for the single-offset wrenches?
Since these wrenches had two equal openings,
they didn't fit the pattern of the industry-standard models,
and so were given a separate series of 81xx model numbers.
We're now ready to look at some examples of the box wrenches,
and we'll begin with a fine example of an early double-offset "Duohex" box wrench.
8725B "Duohex-Box" 1/2x9/16 Offset Box Wrench
Fig. 379 shows
a Williams 8725B 1/2x9/16 offset box wrench,
marked "Superrench" with the W-Diamond logo.
Additional markings on the shank are "Duohex-Box" and "Made in U.S.A." with "Pat. No. 1424069".
The overall length is 9.3 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The patent notice refers to patent
#1,424,069,
issued to F. Blackmar in 1922.
8729 "Duohex-Box" 5/8x3/4 Offset Box Wrench
Our next example in Fig. 380 is a similar early wrench in a less commonly-seen size,
a Williams 8729 5/8x3/4 offset box wrench.
The shank is marked "Superrench" with the
W-Diamond logo,
plus "Duohex-Box" and "Made in U.S.A." with "Pat. No. 1424069".
The overall length is 11.4 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The patent notice refers to patent
#1,424,069,
issued to F. Blackmar in 1922.
The side view in the upper inset shows the proportions of the hefty round shank,
and the offset bend is convex on both sides where it joins the box.
8729A "Duohex-Box" 3/4x25/32 Offset Box Wrench
This next example of the "Duohex-Box" series is a bit of a mystery.
Fig. 381 shows
a Williams 8729A 3/4x25/32 offset box wrench,
marked "Superrench" with the
W-Diamond logo
and "Duohex-Box",
but without a patent notice.
The overall length is 11.4 inches.
This example is a bit puzzling in that the 8729A model is not listed in the Williams catalogs
from 1931 through the early 1940s,
when the round-shank style was in production.
The 8729A size is shown in the 1945 A-409 catalog,
but by that time the box wrench production would have been in the oval-shank style.
It's possible that this wrench was a special-order item.
8731A "Duohex-Box" 3/4x7/8 Offset Box Wrench
Fig. 382 shows
a Williams 8731A 3/4x7/8 offset box wrench,
marked "Superrench" with the
W-Diamond logo,
plus "Duohex-Box" and "Made in U.S.A." with "Pat. No. 1424069".
The overall length is 12.9 inches.
The patent notice refers to patent
#1,424,069,
issued to F. Blackmar in 1922.
8032A "Duohex-Box" 13/16x31/32 Offset Box Wrench
Fig. 383 shows
a Williams 8032A 13/16x31/32 offset box wrench,
stamped with "Superrench" and the
W-Diamond logo on the shank,
with "Duohex-Box" and "Made in U.S.A." plus "Pat. No. 1424069" on the back side.
The overall length is 12.9 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The patent notice refers to patent
#1,424,069,
issued to F. Blackmar in 1922.
8037 "Duohex-Box" 1-1/16x1-1/4 Offset Box Wrench
Our next figure shows a much larger example of the early duohex-box wrenches.
Fig. 384 shows
a Williams model 8037 1-1/16x1-1/4 offset wrench,
marked "Superrench" with the
W-Diamond logo,
plus "Duohex-Box" and "Made in U.S.A." with "Pat. No. 1424069".
The overall length is 17.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The patent notice refers to patent
#1,424,069,
issued to F. Blackmar in 1922.
In 1931 this model had a list price of $5.01 and was the second-largest box-end wrench offered by Williams,
exceeded only by the model 8039.
But by 1950 Williams was offering much larger sizes, up to the model 8053 2-9/16x2-3/4 behemoth.
9725B "Duohex-Box" 1/2x9/16 Short Offset Box Wrench
The next two figures show examples of the Williams 9000-series "Duohex-box" short offset box-end wrenches,
one of the initial styles offered in 1931.
The 9000 series wrenches were offered in four models:
9723 (3/8x7/16), 9725 (7/16x1/2), 9725B (1/2x9/16), and 9727 (9/16x5/8).
Fig. 385 shows
an early Williams 9725B 1/2x9/16 short offset box wrench,
stamped with "Superrench" and "No. 9725B" plus the
W-Diamond logo on the shank,
with "Duohex-Box" and the fractional sizes on the back side.
The back side is also stamped with "U.S.A." and a "Pat. No. 1424069" patent notice,
visible on the upper side of the lower inset.
The overall length is 5.8 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating,
with extensive losses due to wear.
The patent notice refers to patent
#1,424,069,
issued in 1922 to F. Blackmar and later licensed by Snap-On.
The Williams catalogs from the early 1930s note the use of this patent for their box wrenches,
providing an estimated 1931-1935 manufacturing date.
A later example of this model can be seen as the
Williams 9725B Oval-Shank Short Box Wrench.
9727 "Duohex-Box" 9/16x5/8 Short Offset Box Wrench
Fig. 386 shows
a Williams 9727 9/16x5/8 short offset box wrench,
stamped "Superrench" with the
W-Diamond logo on one side,
with "Duohex-Box" and "Made in U.S.A." on the back side.
The overall length is 6.3 inches.
The original finish was chrome plating,
but much has been lost due to rust.
This wrench is not marked with the Blackmar patent generally noted on early 1930s production,
suggesting a later manufacturing date in the range 1935-1939.
Single-Offset Box Wrenches
In addition to the familiar double-offset box-end wrenches,
Williams also produced a series of wrenches with one offset box and one straight,
and with both openings of the same size.
This wrench style was popular in the later 1920s and 1930s,
and could be regarded as an early form of the combination wrench.
Williams referred to these as single-offset wrenches,
and we'll show several examples in the next figures.
Based on a review of the Williams catalogs,
single-offset wrenches were listed from at least 1931 up through 1941,
but had been discontinued by 1945.
We have examples with cadmium or plain finishes that were likely made
during the wartime years after 1942,
so it's probably reasonable to assume production through 1944.
Single-offset wrenches were also available from a number of other manufacturers,
including Armstrong, Blackhawk, Blue Point (Snap-On), Bonney, Mossberg, and Walden.
Examples of these other wrenches include the
Blackhawk 2924,
Blue Point X-18,
Bonney "CV" 2818,
APCO-Mossberg 974,
and
Walden-Worcester 2114.
8128 "Duohex-Box" 7/16 Single-Offset Box Wrench
Fig. 387 shows
a Williams 8128 7/16 single-offset box wrench,
stamped "Superrench" with the W-Diamond logo on the shank,
with "Duohex-Box" and "Made in U.S.A." on the back side.
The overall length is 8.6 inches,
and the finish is cadmium plating.
The cadmium finish indicates likely wartime production,
so the estimated manufacturing date is 1942-1944.
8132 "Duohex-Box" 1/2 Single-Offset Box Wrench
Fig. 388 shows
an early Williams 8132 1/2 single-offset box wrench,
stamped "Superrench" with the
W-Diamond logo on the shank,
with "Duohex-Box" and the fractional sizes on the back side (see lower inset).
The overall length is 9.3 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The lack of a patent notice or "Made in U.S.A." marking on this wrench
indicates a very early production date,
probably in 1930 or 1931.
8140 "Duohex-Box" 5/8 Single-Offset Box Wrenches
The next figures show three generations of the Williams 8140 single-offset wrench.
Fig. 389 shows
an early Williams 8140 5/8 single-offset box wrench,
stamped "Superrench" with the
W-Diamond logo on the shank,
with "Duohex-Box" and the fractional sizes on the back side (see lower inset).
The overall length is 10.7 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished box ends.
The lack of a patent notice or "Made in U.S.A." marking on this wrench
indicates a very early production date,
probably in 1930 or 1931.
Fig. 390 shows
a slightly later Williams 8140 5/8 single-offset box wrench,
stamped "Superrench" with the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped "Made in U.S.A." and "Pat No. 1424069",
with "Duohex-Box" and the fractional sizes on the line below (see lower inset).
The overall length is 10.9 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished box ends.
The patent notice refers to patent
#1,424,069,
issued in 1922 to F. Blackmar and later licensed by Snap-On.
The Williams catalogs from the early 1930s note the use of this patent for their box wrenches,
providing an estimated 1931-1935 manufacturing date.
Fig. 391 shows
a later Williams 8140 single-offset box wrench,
stamped "Superrench" with the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped "Duohex-Box" with the fractional sizes,
with "Made in U.S.A." on the line below (see lower inset).
The overall length is 10.9 inches,
and the finish is cadmium plate.
The cadmium finish indicates a likely manufacturing date of 1942-1944.
8148 "Duohex-Box" 3/4 Single-Offset Box Wrench
Fig. 392 shows
a Williams 8148 3/4 single-offset box wrench,
stamped "Superrench" with the
W-Diamond logo on the shank,
with "Duohex-Box" and the fractional sizes on the back side.
The overall length is 12.4 inches,
and the finish is plain steel.
The lack of a patent notice or "Made in U.S.A." marking on this wrench
indicates a very early production date,
probably in 1930 or 1931.
No. 8105 "Duohex-Box" Single-Offset Box Wrench Set
The scan in Fig. 393 shows
a catalog listing for Williams "Duohex-Box" wrench sets,
as published on page 79 of the Williams 21st Edition catalog from around 1932.
The set on the left is the No. 8105 single-offset box wrench set,
which consisted of five wrenches with models
8128 (7/16), 8132 (1/2), 8136 (9/16), 8140 (5/8), and 8148 (3/4).
The set on the right was the No. 8717 double-offset box wrench set,
which included six standard-length wrenches and four short wrenches.
Although the "Duohex-Box" wrenches themselves are fairly common,
the metal boxes for these wrench sets are rarely found.
We are fortunate to have an example of the No. 8105 wrench set.
Fig. 394 shows
a rare Williams No. 8105 single-offset box wrench set in its metal box,
with four of the standard five wrenches included in the photograph.
The standard five models were
8128 (7/16), 8132 (1/2), 8136 (9/16, missing), 8140 (5/8), and 8148 (3/4).
We acquired the metal case as an empty box and have furnished it from inventory
for the photograph.
Second Line "Chrome-Alloy" or "Cromal" Wrenches
Before moving on to the next section,
it's worth mentioning a second line of Williams box wrenches offered as value or economy tools.
These wrenches were made of chrome-alloy steel with round shanks and were basically identical
to the Duohex-box series.
The wrenches were marked with either "Chrome-Alloy" or "Cromal" as a brand,
without the Williams name or logo,
but are easily recognizable as Williams production by their design and construction.
The scan in Fig. 395 shows
a catalog listing for the Cromal No. 186 6-piece wrench set,
as found on page 197 of the 1936
H. Channon Company Catalog No. 102.
The "Cromal" listings occur in the middle of an extended section of Williams tools.
This is currently our only catalog reference for the "Cromal" line.
The catalog lists the wrenches in four sets:
the No. 185 and 186 sets of long offset box wrenches,
a No. 193 set of short offset box wrenches,
and a No. 176 set of straight (angled) box wrenches.
The illustration shows the No. 186 set of six offset box wrenches with sizes from 3/8 to 1 inch,
the same sizes popularized by Western Auto's offering of box wrenches in 1931.
The catalog listing doesn't provide the model numbers for individual wrenches,
as they were available only in sets.
However, based on the examples found,
the model numbers were derived by adding a "1" prefix to the Williams industry-standard model number.
For example, the
18731A Chrome-Alloy Box Wrench
corresponds to the standard
8731A Duohex-Box Wrench.
In the figures that follow,
we have indexed the "Chrome-Alloy" wrenches under "Cromal" to provide more consistency
to the indexing.
Cromal (Williams) No. 18021 5/16x13/32 Offset Box-End Wrench
Fig. 396 shows
a Cromal 18021 5/16x13/32 offset box-end wrench,
stamped "Forged in U.S.A." on the round shank.
The overall length is 7.7 inches,
and the finish is plain steel with polished ends.
Chrome-Alloy (Williams) No. 18731A 3/4x7/8 Offset Box-End Wrench
Fig. 397 shows
a Chrome-Alloy 18731A 3/4x7/8 offset box-end wrench,
stamped with "Chrome-Alloy" and "Forged in U.S.A." on the round shank.
The overall length is 12.8 inches,
and the finish is plain steel with polished ends.
This wrench closely resembles the
Williams 8731A Duohex-Box Wrench
shown earlier in an earlier figure.
Chrome-Alloy (Williams) No. 18733C 15/16x1 Offset Box-End Wrench
Fig. 398 shows
a Chrome-Alloy 18733C 15/16x1 offset box-end wrench,
stamped with "Chrome-Alloy" and "Forged in U.S.A." on the round shank.
The overall length is 15.0 inches,
and the finish is plain steel with polished ends.
Cromal (Williams) No. 19723 3/8x7/16 Short Offset Box-End Wrench
Fig. 399 shows
a Cromal 19723 3/8x7/16 short offset box-end wrench,
stamped "Cromal" and "Made in U.S.A." on the round shank.
The overall length is 4.8 inches,
and the finish is plain steel.
Chrome-Alloy (Williams) No. 19725 7/16x1/2 Short Offset Box-End Wrench
Fig. 400 shows
a Chrome-Alloy 19725 7/16x1/2 short offset box-end wrench,
stamped with "Chrome-Alloy" and "Forged in U.S.A." on the round shank.
The overall length is 5.7 inches.
The finish is chrome plating with polished ends,
though much of the finish has been lost to rust and wear.
Early Angled Box Wrenches
By 1937 Williams had introduced a new style of angled box wrenches,
a design with a straight shank but with the box ends set at an angle for clearance.
The new wrench models were offered in a 6000 series of short wrenches and a
7000 series of standard length wrenches,
and both series were listed as part of the "Duohex-Box" line.
However, the angled box wrenches were produced with an oval shank,
rather than the round shank being used for the other box wrenches.
Along with the new oval shank design came a new marking style as well,
with the markings consisting of two lines of text arranged around the
W-Diamond logo.
Initially the text included "Duohex-Box" and "Superrench" on the first line
with the model number and "Forged in U.S.A." below,
but this was later changed to the modern form with "Williams" and "Superrench" followed by
"Forged in U.S.A." and an alloy specification.
The oval-shank design worked well and within a few years Williams had redesigned
most of their other box-end wrenches to use oval shanks.
The transition from round to oval shanks with the modern form of markings
is believed to have occurred around 1940.
Two exceptions continued to use round shanks:
the single-offset wrenches and certain very large double-offset wrenches.
The single-offset style was soon to be discontinued and is not known to have been produced
in an oval-shank version.
The angled box wrenches with the transitional marking form were only produced for a short time,
from around 1937 to 1939,
and the relatively precisely known manufacturing dates makes them useful for study.
In this section we'll look at some examples of angled box wrenches with the early transitional markings.
7025 1/2x19/32 Duohex-Box Wrench with Early Transitional Markings
Our first example of the transitional form is shown in Fig. 401,
a Williams 7025 1/2x19/32 box-end wrench with an oval shank.
The shank is stamped "Duohex-Box" and "Superrench" on one line,
with the model number and "Forged in U.S.A." clustered around the
W-Diamond logo.
The fractional sizes appear to the left and right of the other markings,
set off by lines above and below the sizes,
and the shank is also stamped "Chrome-Alloy" on the back side.
The upper inset shows a side view of the wrench,
illustrating the straight shank with angled box ends.
The overall length is 8.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
7727 9/16x5/8 Duohex-Box Wrench with Early Transitional Markings
Fig. 402 shows
a Williams 7727 9/16x5/8 box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Duohex-Box" and "Superrench" on one line,
with the model number and "Forged in U.S.A." clustered around the
W-Diamond logo.
The fractional sizes appear to the left and right of the other markings,
set off by lines above and below the sizes,
and the shank is also stamped "Chrome-Alloy" on the back side.
The inset shows a side view of the wrench,
illustrating the straight shank with angled box ends.
The overall length is 9.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
A slightly later example of this model can be seen as the
Williams 7727 Oval-Shank Box-End Wrench.
7029 11/16x25/32 Duohex-Box Wrench with Early Transitional Markings
Fig. 403 shows
a Williams 7029 11/16x25/32 box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Duohex-Box" and "Superrench" on one line,
with the model number and "Forged in U.S.A." clustered around the
W-Diamond logo.
The fractional sizes also appear on the same side as the other markings,
and are set off by lines above and below the sizes.
The inset shows a side view of the wrench,
illustrating the straight shank with angled box ends.
The overall length is 10.8 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
7731A 3/4x7/8 Duohex-Box Wrench with Early Transitional Markings
Fig. 404 shows
a Williams 7731A 3/4x7/8 box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Duohex-Box" and "Superrench" on one line,
with the model number and "Forged in U.S.A." clustered around the
W-Diamond logo,
and with "Chrome - Alloy" on the back side (see middle inset).
The fractional sizes also appear on the front side,
set off by lines above and below the sizes.
The inset shows a side view of the wrench,
illustrating the straight shank with angled box ends.
The overall length is 12.3 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
7033C 15/16x1 Duohex-Box Wrench with Early Transitional Markings
Fig. 405 shows
a Williams 7033C 15/16x1 box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Duohex-Box" and "Superrench" on one line,
with the model number and "Forged in U.S.A." clustered around the
W-Diamond logo,
and with "Chrome - Alloy" on the back side.
The fractional sizes also appear on the front side,
set off by lines above and below the sizes.
The overall length is 14.1 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
7034A 15/16x1-1/16 Duohex-Box Wrench with Early Transitional Markings
Fig. 406 shows
a Williams 7034A 15/16x1-1/16 box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Duohex-Box" and "Superrench" on one line,
with the model number and "Forged in U.S.A." clustered around the
W-Diamond logo.
The fractional sizes also appear on the front side,
set off by lines above and below the sizes.
The inset shows a side view of the wrench,
illustrating the straight shank with angled box ends.
The overall length is 15.9 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
This wrench is not marked for its alloy content,
which suggests production during the earlier part of the range.
7039 1-1/4x1-7/16 Duohex-Box Wrench with Early Transitional Markings
Fig. 407 shows
a Williams 7039 1-1/4x1-7/16 box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Duohex-Box" and "Superrench" on one line,
with the model number and "Forged in U.S.A." clustered around the
W-Diamond logo.
The fractional sizes also appear on the front side,
set off by lines above and below the sizes.
The inset shows a side view of the wrench,
illustrating the straight shank with angled box ends.
The overall length is 19.2 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
This wrench is not marked for its alloy content,
which suggests production during the earlier part of the range.
Oval-Shank Box-End Wrenches
By around 1939 or 1940 Williams was using the oval-shank style for most of its box wrenches,
and for combination wrenches as well.
The only exceptions among the box wrenches were the single-offset models,
which were soon to be discontinued anyway,
plus certain very large offset box wrenches that continued to be made with round shanks.
The marking style of the mature oval shank design consisted of two lines of text,
with "Williams" and "Superrench" stamped on the top line,
followed by "Forged in U.S.A." and an alloy specification on either side of
W-Diamond logo.
The back side was stamped with the model number in the center and the fractional sizes
on either side.
Box wrenches were produced with oval shanks until approximately 1954,
when Williams introduced a new style with raised panels.
(See our later section for examples of the
Williams Raised Panel Style.)
6000 Series Short Angled Box-End Wrenches, Oval-Shank Style
The Williams 6000-series of show angled box wrenches were available in six sizes,
6723 (3/8x7/16), 6725 (7/16x1/2), 6725A (7/16x9/16), 6725B (1/2x9/16), 6025 (1/2x19/32), and 6727 (9/16x5/8).
The next several figures will show examples of the 6000 series of
short box-end wrenches with a straight oval style.
6723 3/8x7/16 Short Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 408 shows
a Williams 6723 3/8x7/16 short box wrench with an oval shank,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the fractional sizes and model number,
as shown in the lower inset.
The overall length is 4.6 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
6725 7/16x1/2 Short Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 409 shows
a Williams 6725 7/16x1/2 short box wrench with an oval shank,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Ally Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the fractional sizes and model number,
as shown in the inset.
The overall length is 5.6 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
6727 9/16x5/8 Short Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 410 shows
a Williams 6727 9/16x5/8 short box wrench with an oval shank,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Chrome-Alloy" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the fractional sizes and model number,
as shown in the inset.
The overall length is 6.1 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The "Chrome-Alloy" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1940-1941.
7000 Series Angled Box-End Wrenches, Oval-Shank Style
The next several figures will show examples of the 7000 series of
angled box-end wrenches with a straight oval shank.
7721 5/16x3/8 Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 411 shows
a Williams 7721 5/16x3/8 box wrench in the oval-shank style,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes,
as shown in the lower inset.
The overall length is 7.2 inches.
The finish is plain steel with traces of gray paint.
7723 3/8x7/16 Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 412 shows
a Williams 7723 3/8x7/16 box wrench in the oval-shank style,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes,
as shown in the lower inset.
The overall length is 7.6 inches.
The finish is plain steel,
with extensive pitting due to rust.
7725B 1/2x9/16 Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 413 shows
a Williams 7725B 1/2x9/16 box wrench in the oval-shank style,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Chrome-Alloy" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes,
as shown in the lower inset.
The overall length is 8.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The "Chrome-Alloy" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1940-1941.
7727 9/16x5/8 Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 414 shows
a Williams 7727 9/16x5/8 box wrench in the oval-shank style,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes,
as shown in the lower inset.
The shank also has a forged-in "V" code visible at the left.
The overall length is 9.5 inches,
and the finish is plain steel with traces of gray paint.
A slightly earlier transitional form of this model can be seen as the
Williams 7727 Transitional Duohex-Box Wrench.
7729 5/8x3/4 Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 415 shows
a Williams 7729 5/8x3/4 box wrench in the oval-shank style,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes,
as shown in the lower inset.
The overall length is 10.4 inches.
7731b 13/16x7/8 Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 416 shows
a Williams 7731B 13/16x7/8 angled box wrench,
stamped on the shank with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
followed by "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the fractional sizes and model number,
as seen in the lower inset.
The overall length is 12.3 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
7033C 15/16x1 Box-End Wrenches, Oval-Shank Style
The next figures show two generations of the Williams 7033C box wrench.
Fig. 417 shows
an earlier Williams 7033C 15/16x1 angled box wrench,
stamped on the shank with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
followed by "Forged in U.S.A." and "Chrome-Alloy" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the fractional sizes and model number,
as seen in the lower inset.
The overall length is 14.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The "Chrome-Alloy" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1940-1942.
A slightly earlier transitional form of this model can be seen as the
Williams 7033C Transitional Duohex-Box Wrench.
Fig. 418 shows
a slightly later Williams 7033C 15/16x1 angled box wrench,
stamped on the shank with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
followed by "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the fractional sizes and model number,
as seen in the middle inset.
The overall length is 14.0 inches.
The finish is plain steel with extensive pitting due to rust,
but with traces of gray paint remaining near the ends.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and plain finish suggest production in 1942-1945.
7039B 1-1/4x1-5/16 Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
A larger example of the angled box style is shown in Fig. 419,
a Williams 7039B box wrench with sizes 1-1/4 and 1-5/16.
The shank is marked "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is marked with a small forged-in code (not shown) resembling "II"
or two parallel lines.
The top inset shows a side view of the wrench to illustrate the construction details;
note in particular the massive cross-section of the handle.
The overall length is 19.4 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
8000 Series Offset Box-End Wrenches, Oval-Shank Style
The next several figures will show examples of the 8000 series of
offset box-end wrenches in the oval-shank style.
8725 7/16x1/2 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
The next several figures will show examples of the 8000 series offset box wrenches.
Fig. 420 shows
a Williams 8725 7/16x1/2 offset box wrench,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is marked with the model "No. 8725" flanked by the fractional sizes,
and with a forged-in code "II" at the left.
The overall length is 8.4 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating,
with some losses due to wear and rust.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
8725B 1/2x9/16 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 421 shows
a Williams 8725B 1/2x9/16 offset box wrench with an oval shank,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Chrome-Alloy" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side shank is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes,
as shown in the lower inset.
The overall length is 9.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The "Chrome-Alloy" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1940-1941.
An example of the earlier generation of this model can be seen as the
Williams 8725B "Duohex" Offset Box Wrench.
8727 9/16x5/8 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 422 shows
a Williams 8727 9/16x5/8 offset box wrench with an oval shank,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes.
The overall length is 10.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
8727A 5/8x11/16 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 423 shows
a Williams 8727A 5/8x11/16 offset box wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes.
The overall length is 11.2 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
8729 5/8x3/4 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 424 shows
a Williams 8729 5/8x3/4 offset box wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes.
The back side shank is also marked with a forged-in "V" code visible at the left.
The overall length is 11.2 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
An earlier example of this model can be seen as the
Williams 8729 "Duohex-Box" Offset Box Wrench,
and a later version is shown as the
Williams 8729 Paneled Offset Box Wrench.
8729 Special 5/8x13/16 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 425 shows
a Williams 8729 Special 5/8x13/16 offset box wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Chrome-Alloy" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with "8729 Special" as the model number,
but the opening sizes are not marked.
The overall length is 11.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The "Chrome-Alloy" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1940-1941.
8029B 11/16x3/4 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 426 shows
a Williams 8029B 11/16x3/4 offset box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes.
The overall length is 11.3 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
8029 11/16x25/32 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 427 shows
a Williams 8029 11/16x25/32 offset box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes,
and a forged-in "V" code is visible at the left.
The overall length is 11.3 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
8731A 3/4x7/8 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 428 shows
a Williams 8731A 3/4x7/8 offset box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes.
The overall length is 12.9 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
An example of the earlier generation of this model can be seen as the
Williams 8731A "Duohex" Offset Box Wrench.
8733 7/8x1 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 429 shows
a Williams 8733 7/8x1 offset box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes.
The overall length is 13.8 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating,
with some losses due to wear.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
8034 7/8x1-1/16 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 430 shows
a Williams 8034 7/8x1-1/16 offset box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Chrome-Alloy" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes.
The overall length is 15.9 inches,
and the finish is plain steel.
The "Chrome-Alloy" marking and plain finish suggest production during the 1942-1943 wartime years.
8735A 1-1/16x1-1/8 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 431 shows
a Williams 8735A 1-1/16x1-1/8 offset box-end wrench with an oval shank,
stamped with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes,
but upside-down rather than the normal orientation,
and a forged-in code "V" is visible at the left.
The overall length is 17.4 inches,
and the finish is plain steel.
8037 1-1/16x1-1/4 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 432 shows
a Williams 8037 1-1/16x1-1/4 offset box wrench in the oval-shank style,
stamped on the shank with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
and with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Chrome-Alloy" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes,
as shown in the lower inset.
The overall length is 17.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The "Chrome-Alloy" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1940-1941.
8039 1-1/4x1-7/16 Offset Box-End Wrench, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 433 shows
a Williams 8039 1-1/4x1-7/16 offset box wrench in the oval-shank style,
stamped on the shank with "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
and with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Chrome-Alloy" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model number and fractional sizes,
as shown in the lower inset.
The overall length is 19.6 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The "Chrome-Alloy" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1940-1941.
8045 1-13/16x2 Inch Offset Box-End Wrench, Round-Shank Style
During the years that oval shanks were used for most of their wrench production,
Williams continued to use round shanks for the largest offset wrenches.
Fig. 434 shows
an example of one of the larger wrench models,
a Williams 8045 1-13/16x2 inch offset box wrench with a round shank.
The markings follow the pattern for the standard production,
with "Williams Superrench" stamped on the top line,
followed by "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
W-Diamond logo.
The model number and fractional sizes are stamped on the back side.
The overall length is 25.0 inches,
and the finish is gray paint.
9000 Series Short Offset Box-End Wrenches, Oval-Shank Style
The Williams 9000-series of short offset box wrenches were available in six sizes,
9723 (3/8x7/16), 9725 (7/16x1/2), 9725A (7/16x9/16), 9725B (1/2x9/16), 9025 (1/2x19/32), and 9727 (9/16x5/8).
The next several figures will show examples of the 9000 series
in the oval-shank style.
9723 3/8x7/16 Short Offset Box-End Wrenches, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 435 shows
a Williams 9723 3/8x7/16 short offset box wrench marked "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in U.S.A." and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is marked with the model "No. 9723" flanked by the fractional sizes.
The overall length is 4.8 inches.
The finish is plain steel with some traces of gray paint,
an indication of a likely manufacturing date in 1942-1945.
But for this example we can do better —
a careful examination shows a small "G" code stamped in front of the "9723" model (see inset).
The "G" code was used to indicate a manufacturing date in 1945 under restrictive
government regulations,
and its use by Snap-On is well-known.
The code is sometimes seen for other manufacturers;
see for example the
Duro-Chrome 1027 Wrench.
Fig. 436 shows
another Williams 9723 short offset box wrench,
similar to the previous example but with a chrome finish.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
9725B 1/2x9/16 Short Offset Box-End Wrenches, Oval-Shank Style
Fig. 437 shows
an earlier Williams 9725B 1/2x9/16 short offset box wrench,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in USA" and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model "No. 9725B" flanked by the fractional sizes.
The overall length is 5.7 inches,
and the finish is polished steel.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and plain finish suggest production in the 1943-1945 wartime years.
Fig. 438 shows
a somewhat later Williams 9725B 1/2x9/16 short offset box wrench,
stamped "Williams Superrench" on the top line,
with "Forged in USA" and "Alloy Steel" on either side of the
the W-Diamond logo.
The back side is stamped with the model "No. 9725B" flanked by the fractional sizes,
with a forged-in code "V" at the left.
The overall length is 5.7 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends.
The "Alloy Steel" marking and chrome finish suggest production in 1945 or later.
1152 Offset Box-End Ignition Wrench
Williams also produced miniature box-end wrenches for ignition service
or other applications.
Fig. 439 shows
a Williams 1152 1/4x9/32 offset box wrench with hex broachings,
stamped "Superrench" and "Forged U.S.A." with
W-Diamond logo,
and with the model and fractional sizes on the back side.
The overall length is 3.5 inches,
and the finish is cadmium plating.
Single-Ended Box Wrenches
Williams produced single-ended box wrenches in flat and offset styles,
and in both hex and double-hex broachings.
The next several figures show examples of the Williams 1800 series of flat single-ended wrenches.
1803A 5/8 Single-Box Engineer's Wrench
Fig. 440 shows
a Williams 1803A 5/8 single-box engineer's wrench,
stamped with "Superrench" and the "Williams U.S.A." logo on the front,
with "Alloy" and the fractional size on the back.
The back side shank is also marked with a forged-in "B" code visible at the left.
The overall length is 5.7 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
Early 1807 1-1/16 Single-Box Engineer's Wrench
Fig. 441 shows
an early Williams 1807 1-1/16 single-box engineer's wrench,
stamped "Forged in U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo,
and with "Superrench" and "Chrome-Alloy" stamped on the shank.
The back side is stamped with the fractional size and model number,
plus a "Pat. No. 1424069" patent notice.
The overall length is 9.9 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The patent notice refers to patent
#1,424,069,
filed by F. Blackmar in 1921 and issued in 1922.
This patent was acquired by Snap-on around 1930,
and Williams subsequently acknowledged the patent on their double-hex wrenches
for a few years in the early 1930s.
H-1808 1-1/4 Single-Box Engineer's Wrench
Fig. 442 shows
a Williams H-1808 1-1/4 single-box wrench,
stamped "Forged in U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo,
and with "Superrench" and "Chrome-Alloy" stamped on the shank.
The overall length is 11.6 inches,
and the finish is black oxide.
The use of the "Chrome-Alloy" marking and plain finish suggest production during the
early war years 1942-1943.
Combination Wrenches
Williams was relatively late in offering combination wrenches,
as this style did not appear in their catalogs until sometime after 1937.
The now-familiar combination style,
with an open and box end of the same size,
had been developed in 1933 by Plomb Tool and almost simultaneously by Bonney.
Combination wrenches became very popular and were quickly adopted
by other major manufacturers.
The Williams A-409 catalog update of 1940 shows combination wrenches with an oval shank,
similar to the oval design used for most box-end wrenches at the time.
But unlike the box-end wrenches,
the combination wrenches were made with raised letter markings for the Superrench trademark.
Combination wrenches with the oval shank remained in production until about 1954,
when the raised-panel style was introduced.
1159 5/16 Combination Wrench
Fig. 443 shows
a Williams 1159 5/16 combination wrench,
stamped "U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark in forged raised letters,
with "Alloy" and a "B" code on the back side.
The overall length is 4.3 inches.
The finish is chrome plating with some loss due to wear,
revealing the copper undercoating in some areas.
The W-Diamond logo with "U.S.A." face marking is a variant of the "Williams U.S.A." logo
used for smaller wrench faces.
1161 7/16 Combination Wrench
Fig. 444 shows
a Williams 1161 7/16 combination wrench,
stamped "U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark in forged raised letters,
with "Alloy" and an "II" code forged into the back side.
The overall length is 5.3 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends and faces.
The W-Diamond logo with "U.S.A." face marking is a variant of the "Williams U.S.A." logo
used for smaller wrench faces.
A later version of this model can be seen as the
Williams 1161 Paneled Combination Wrench.
Early 1162 1/2 Combination Wrench
Fig. 445 shows
an early Williams 1162 1/2 combination wrench,
stamped "Made U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on the face.
The shank is stamped with the "Superrench" trademark,
with "Chrome-Alloy" and the fractional sizes on the back side.
The overall length is 6.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The stamped markings on the shank of this wrench are unusual,
suggesting that this is an example of very early production.
1163 9/16 Combination Wrenches
The next figures show several generations of the 1163 combination wrench.
Fig. 446 shows
an early Williams 1163 9/16 combination wrench,
marked with the "Superrench" trademark forged into the shank,
with "Chrome-Alloy" forged into the back side.
The back side face is stamped with the model number,
and the back side shank is stamped with the fractional size at both ends.
The overall length is 6.7 inches,
and the finish is plain steel.
The front face of this wrench would normally be stamped with the Williams scroll logo and
W-Diamond trademark,
but either the markings were omitted or have been worn down.
The "Chrome-Alloy" marking suggests production in the 1930s to early 1940s,
and the plain finish suggests production during the early wartime years.
Fig. 447 shows
an earlier Williams 1163 9/16 combination wrench,
stamped "Made U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark forged into the front,
with "Alloy" and a "V" code forged into the back side.
The overall length is 6.6 inches.
The finish is plain steel with some pitting due to rust;
it's not known whether the tool originally had a plated finish.
Fig. 448 shows
a later Williams 1163 9/16 combination wrench,
stamped with the "Williams U.S.A." logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark forged into the front,
with "Alloy" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 6.7 inches.
The finish is chrome plating,
but with a partial loss of the upper plated layers,
revealing the copper undercoating.
A later version of this model can be seen as the
Williams 1163 Paneled Combination Wrench.
1164 5/8 Combination Wrench
The next figures show two generations of the Williams 1164 combination wrench.
Fig. 449 shows
an earlier Williams 1164 5/8 combination wrench,
stamped "Made U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on the face,
with the model number on the back side face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark forged into the front,
with "Alloy" and an "II" code forged into the back side,
and with the fractional sizes stamped on the back side.
The overall length is 7.7 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating,
with minor losses due to rust.
Fig. 450 shows
a slightly later Williams 1164 5/8 combination wrench,
stamped with the "Williams U.S.A." logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark forged into the front,
with "Alloy" forged into the back side.
The back side shank also has a raised dot at the left,
in the place where a forged-in code is frequently observed.
The overall length is 7.7 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating,
with minor losses due to wear.
A later version of this model can be seen as the
Williams 1164 Paneled Combination Wrench.
1165 11/16 Combination Wrench
Fig. 451 shows
a Williams 1165 11/16 combination wrench,
stamped "Forged in U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark in forged raised letters,
with "Alloy" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 8.6 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
1166 3/4 Combination Wrench
Fig. 452 shows
a Williams 1166 3/4 combination wrench,
stamped with the "Williams U.S.A." logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark forged into the front,
with "Alloy" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 9.5 inches.
The finish is chrome plating,
but with a partial loss of the upper plated layers,
revealing the copper undercoating.
1166A 25/32 Combination Wrench
Fig. 453 shows
a Williams 1166A 25/32 combination wrench,
stamped "Forged in U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark in forged raised letters,
with "Alloy" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 9.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished ends and faces.
1167A 13/16 Combination Wrench
Fig. 454 shows
a Williams 1167A 13/16 combination wrench,
stamped with the "Williams U.S.A." logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark forged into the front,
with "Alloy" and a "B" code forged into the back side.
The overall length is 10.5 inches.
Some readers may have wondered about the coppery color of this wrench,
and in this case it's not an artifact of the lighting.
The original chrome plating has worn off to leave a fairly uniform copper coating,
possibly indicating a problem with the original plating process.
Normally a chrome plated finish is applied as chrome over nickel over copper,
but the nickel layer might have been omitted from this example.
1167 7/8 Combination Wrench
Fig. 455 shows
a Williams 1167 7/8 combination wrench,
stamped "Forged in U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark forged into the front,
with "Alloy" and a "V" code forged into the back side.
The overall length is 10.5 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating with polished faces and ends.
1168 15/16 Combination Wrench
Fig. 456 shows
a Williams 1168 15/16 combination wrench,
stamped with the "Williams U.S.A." logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark forged into the front,
with "Alloy" forged into the back side.
The overall length is 13.0 inches,
and the finish is plain steel.
1170 1 Inch Combination Wrench
Fig. 457 shows
a Williams 1170 1 inch combination wrench,
stamped with the "Williams U.S.A." logo on the face.
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark in forged raised letters,
with "Alloy" on the back side.
The overall length is 13.0 inches.
As with the previous example,
the original chrome plating has worn down to the copper undercoating,
and to plain steel in some places.
1171 1-1/16 Combination Wrench
Fig. 458 shows
a Williams 1171 1-1/16 combination wrench,
stamped with the "Williams U.S.A." logo on the face,
and with the model number on the back side face (see middle inset).
The shank is marked with the "Superrench" trademark in forged raised letters,
with "Alloy" on the back side.
The overall length is 15.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
The "Volume" Line
In the late 1920s Williams established a secondary brand called "Volume" with the apparent intent of
addressing markets such as home workshops, do-it-yourself auto repair, or farm maintenance
that were not well served by its industrial distributors.
We first discovered the existence of the "Volume" line in the 1933 Ducommun catalog "H",
which listed a series of "Volume" chrome-molybdenum open-end wrenches priced far below the equivalent "Superrench" models.
Subsequently we were able to find the "Volume"
Trademark #256,651,
filed in 1929,
as well as a 1929 advertisement in Popular Science.
Exploring the "Volume" Line
Currently we have relatively little documentation for the "Volume" line,
consisting of a few catalog listings, a trademark filing, a 1929 advertisement,
and some collected examples of tools.
The existence of the "Volume" line was first discovered in a listing from the 1933 Ducommun catalog "H",
as shown Fig. 611 below.
This listing shows a table of "Volume" open-end wrenches along with an illustration of a wrench
bearing the Williams name and logo,
and the wrenches have industry-standard model numbers with an "A" prefix.
However, the known examples of "A"-series wrenches are marked with just the
W-Diamond logo,
without the Williams name,
suggesting that the illustration may have been added by the distributor.
The "Volume" open-end wrenches were offered at about half of the price of an equivalent "Superrench" model.
An advertisement and another catalog listing show the existence of "Volume" open-end wrench sets in a metal clip,
with a "VA" set containing six chrome-molybdenum wrenches,
and a "VU" set containing carbon-steel wrenches.
For the sockets and drive tools we have no catalog listings at all,
only the collected examples of tools.
Unlike the wrenches which bear the
W-Diamond logo,
the sockets and drive tools were marked with the "Volume" brand but no other Williams-specific markings.
In the absence of any Williams markings,
these tools might be considered a "mystery brand" with an unknown maker.
"Volume" Alloy-Steel Wrenches
The scan in Fig. 611 shows
a listing of "Volume" chrome-molybdenum open-end wrenches,
as published on page 136 of the 1933 catalog "H" from the Ducommun Corporation.
The text notes that the wrenches are made of chrome-molybdenum steel and are marked with the sizes.
The table shows 19 industry-standard model numbers with an "A" prefix,
with sizes ranging from model A721 (5/16x3/8) up to A34 (7/8x1-1/16).
We'll begin our exploration of the "Volume" line with some examples of alloy-steel open-end wrenches,
all marked for chrome-molybdenum steel and with industry-standard model numbers with an "A" prefix.
Note that the despite the "Williams" wrench in the illustration in Fig. 611,
none of the known examples of the ISN wrenches is marked with the "Williams" name.
A723 3/8x7/16 Open-End Wrench
Fig. 612 shows
an example of a wrench in the Volume line,
a Williams A723 3/8x7/16 open-end wrench,
with the face marked "Chrome-Molybdenum" and "Made U.S.A." with
W-Diamond logo.
The overall length is 4.3 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
A27C 9/16x11/16 Open-End Wrench
Fig. 613 shows
a Williams A27C 9/16x11/16 open-end wrench,
stamped "Chrome-Molybdenum" and "Forged in U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on the face.
The overall length is 6.3 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
A731A 3/4x7/8 Open-End Wrench
Fig. 614 shows
a Williams A731A 3/4x7/8 open-end wrench,
stamped "U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on the face,
and with "Chrome-Molybdenum" stamped on the shank.
The overall length is 8.2 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
A90 7/16x1/2 Tappet Wrench
This next figure shows a tappet wrench believed to be part of the "Volume" line.
Fig. 615 shows
a Williams A90 7/16x1/2 tappet wrench,
stamped "Special-Tappet-Alloy" on the shank,
with the Williams underline logo and "Made <W> U.S.A." on the face.
The overall length is 7.5 inches,
and the finish is plain steel.
This wrench was previously thought to be a very early alloy-steel tappet wrench,
produced before the "Superrench" trademark was registered.
However, this style of tappet wrench is illustrated in a 1933 Ducommun catalog,
and the catalog clearly shows the "Special Tappet Alloy" marking.
The "A" prefix to the model number indicates that it was probably part of the
"Volume" line of tools.
However, this tool is an exception in bearing the full "Williams" name on the face.
"Volume" Carbon-Steel Wrenches
When we first discovered the "Volume" line we thought that it included only alloy-steel tools,
but the discovery of the catalog listing below shows that carbon-steel wrenches were offered as well.
The scan in Fig. 616A shows
a listing for "Volume" wrench sets,
as published on page 345 of the 1939 catalog from W.D. Allen Manufacturing,
an industrial distributor (and manufacturer) in Chicago.
The illustration shows a "VU" set of six "Volume" carbon-steel wrenches in a metal clip.
The text below the illustration offers a "VCU" set of unfinished carbon-steel wrenches,
but based on collected examples,
the carbon-steel wrenches were also available with chrome finishes.
The listing also offers a "VA-6" set of chrome-alloy wrenches with chrome-plated finishes.
Currently we do not have an example of a "Volume" wrench set in its original metal clip.
We do have a number of individual wrenches that appear to be examples of carbon-steel "Volume" wrenches,
based on the markings,
but with differing degrees of confidence in the attribution.
The group most likely to represent the "Volume" carbon-steel line will be referred to as the "A"-Series wrenches.
These wrenches are stamped with the
W-Diamond logo on one face
and an "A" (but no model number) on the other face,
and with the fractional sizes on the back side.
In addition, the wrenches have a chrome finish.
A second group of wrenches has a more tenuous attribution to the "Volume" line
and will be called the "Plain" Series.
These wrenches are unfinished and are stamped with the
W-Diamond logo on one face,
with the fractional sizes on the back side faces.
"A"-Series 1/2x19/32 Open-End Wrenches
Fig. 616B shows
a Williams "A" 1/2x19/32 open-end wrench,
stamped with "U.S.A." and the
W-Diamond logo on one face,
with "A" on the other end.
The back side shank is marked with a forged-in "V" code at the left,
and the back side faces are stamped with the fractional sizes.
The overall length is 5.2 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
Fig. 617 shows
another example of the Williams "A" 1/2x19/32 open-end wrench,
stamped "A" on one face,
with "U.S.A." and the
W-Diamond logo on the other.
The back side shank is marked with a forged-in "II" code at the right,
and the back side faces (not shown) are stamped with the fractional sizes.
The overall length is 5.3 inches,
and the finish is thin layer of chrome plating.
"A"-Series 5/8x25/32 Open-End Wrench
Fig. 618 shows
a Williams "A" 5/8x25/32 open-end wrench,
stamped "A" on one face,
with "U.S.A." and the
W-Diamond logo on the other.
The back side faces are stamped with the fractional sizes,
as shown in the inset.
The overall length is 7.3 inches,
and the finish is thin layer of chrome plating.
"A"-Series 3/4x7/8 Open-End Wrench
Fig. 619 shows
a Williams "A" 3/4x7/8 open-end wrench,
stamped "A" on one face with "U.S.A." and the
W-Diamond logo on the other.
The back side faces (not shown) are stamped with the fractional sizes.
The overall length is 8.3 inches,
and the finish is thin layer of chrome plating.
The upper inset shows a side view of the wrench.
Note that some shear marks from the trimming operation are still visible.
"Plain" Series 9/16x11/16 Open-End Wrench
The next several figures show examples of Williams open-end wrenches with even more minimal markings,
which we'll call the "Plain" Series for lack of a better term.
Although we don't have any specific information regarding the intended application for these wrenches,
the minimal markings and simple finish suggest that they might have been production for vehicle toolkits.
Fig. 620 shows
a Williams 9/16x11/16 open-end wrench,
stamped "U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on one face,
with the fractional sizes stamped on the back side (not shown).
The overall length is 6.4 inches,
and the finish is plain steel.
"Plain" Series 5/8x25/32 Open-End Wrench
Fig. 621 shows
another example of the "Plain" Series wrenches,
a Williams 5/8x25/32 open-end wrench,
stamped "U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on one face.
The fractional sizes are stamped on the back side faces,
as shown in the insets.
The overall length is 7.4 inches,
and the finish is plain steel.
"Plain" Series 3/4x7/8 Open-End Wrench
Fig. 622 shows
a Williams 3/4x7/8 open-end wrench,
stamped "U.S.A." with the
W-Diamond logo on one face,
with the fractional sizes on the back side faces (see insets).
The overall length is 8.3 inches,
and the finish is plain steel.
"Volume" Sockets and Drive Tools
The "Volume" line also included sockets and drive tools,
although currently we don't have any catalog listings to show the extent of the line.
The collected examples show that the tools were offered in both 3/8 and 1/2-drive,
and possibly other drive sizes.
The next figures show examples of the sockets and drive tools in the "Volume" line,
all marked with the "Volume" brand but with no other Williams-specific markings.
The model numbers for these tools are similar to the corresponding Williams part numbers,
but with a "V" prefix.
"Volume" 1/2-Drive VS-1220 Socket
Fig. 623 shows
a 1/2-drive Volume VS-1220 5/8 socket,
marked "Made in U.S.A." with the Volume name and model.
The design of this socket includes a wide groove in the base,
basically identical to the design used by Williams for its ST-series sockets
from about 1935 through 1947.
(See for example the
Williams ST-12xx "Wide-Groove" Sockets.)
"Volume" 3/8-Drive VB-15 Speeder
Fig. 624 shows
a 3/8-drive Volume VB-15 speeder,
stamped "Made U.S.A." on the bend of the handle.
The speeder has a throw of 3.5 inches and an overall length of 16.2 inches.
The finish is cadmium plating,
but with a chrome-plated end piece.
"Volume" 3/8-Drive VB-51 Ratchet
Fig. 625 shows
a 3/8-drive Volume VB-51 reversible ratchet,
marked with "VB-51 Volume" and "Pat'd." forged into the handle,
and with "Made in U.S.A." forged into the back side.
The overall length is 6.0 inches,
and the finish is chrome plating.
This ratchet is very similar in design to the
Williams B-51 Ratchet,
as can be seen by comparison.
The patent notice corresponds to the Kress 1934 patent
#1,957,462.
"Volume" 3/8-Drive VB-12xx Sockets
Fig. 626 shows
a group of three 3/8-drive Volume VB-12xx sockets,
each marked "Made U.S.A." with the Volume brand and model number.
The models and sizes are, from the left,
VB-1214 (7/16), VB-1218 (9/16), and VB-1224 (3/4).
![[Williams 8936 1-1/8 Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_8936_wrench_waterpump_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8938 1-3/16 Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_8938_wrench_waterpump_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8940 1-1/4 Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_8940_wrench_waterpump_crmo_b_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8940 1-1/4 Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_8940_wrench_waterpump_alloy_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8942 1-5/16 Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_8942_wrench_waterpump_crmo_b_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8946 1-7/16 Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_8946_wrench_waterpump_crmo_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8946 1-7/16 Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_8946_wrench_waterpump_alloy_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8948 1-1/2 Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_8948_wrench_waterpump_alloy_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8960 3/4x1-1/32 Double-Ended Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_df2433_8960_wrench_waterpump_crmo_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8962 1x1-3/16 Double-Ended Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_df3238_8962_wrench_waterpump_crmo_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8962D 1-1/16x1-1/4 Double-Ended Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_df3440_8962d_wrench_waterpump_crmo_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8966 1-5/16x1-1/2 Double-Ended Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_df4248_8966_wrench_waterpump_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8966 1-5/16x1-1/2 Double-Ended Water-Pump Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe33_1232a_wrench_waterpump_djdot2_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 8725B Duohex-Box 1/2x9/16 Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1618_8725b_wrench_duohex_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8729 Duohex-Box 5/8x3/4 Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2024_8729_wrench_offset_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8729A Duohex-Box 3/4x25/32 Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2425_8729a_wrench_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8731A Duohex-Box 3/4x7/8 Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2428_8731a_wrench_offset_duohex_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8032A Duohex-Box 13/16x31/32 Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2631_8032a_wrench_offset_duohex_pat_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8037 Duohex-Box 1-1/16x1-1/4 Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db3440_8037_wrench_offset_duohex_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 9725B Duohex-Box 1/2x9/16 Short Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1618_9725b_wrench_offset_duohex_pat_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 9727 Duohex-Box 9/16x5/8 Short Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1820_9727_wrench_offset_duohex_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8128 Duohex-Box 7/16 Single-Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1414_8128_wrench_offset_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8132 Duohex-Box 1/2 Single-Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1616_8132_wrench_offset_duohex_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams Early 8140 Duohex-Box 5/8 Single-Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2020_8140_wrench_offset_duohex_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8140 Duohex-Box 5/8 Single-Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2020_8140_wrench_offset_duohex_pat_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8140 Duohex-Box 5/8 Single-Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2020_8140_wrench_offset_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8148 Duohex-Box 3/4 Single-Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_8148_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[1932 Catalog Listing for Williams Duohex-Box Offset Box Wrench Sets]](Photos/tools/scans/williams_cat_21st_1933_p79_duohex_box_cropped_w2400.jpg)
![[Williams No. 8105 Duohex-Box Single-Offset Box Wrench Set]](Photos/tools/williams_no8105_wrench_set_single_offset_f_cropped.jpg)
![[1936 Catalog Listing for Cromal Offset Box-End Wrench Set]](Photos/tools/scans/h_channon_cat_1936_p197_cromal_no186_cropped.jpg)
![[Cromal (Williams) No. 18021 5/16x13/32 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1013_18021_wrench_offset_cromal_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Chrome-Alloy (Williams) No. 18731A 3/4x7/8 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2428_18731a_wrench_offset_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Chrome-Alloy (Williams) No. 18733C 15/16x1 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db3032_18733c_wrench_offset_cr_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Cromal (Williams) No. 19723 3/8x7/16 Short Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/cromal_db1214_19723_wrench_offset_plain_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Chrome-Alloy (Williams) No. 19725 7/16x1/2 Short Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1416_19725_wrench_offset_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 7025 1/2x19/32 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1619_7025_wrench_duohex_oval_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7727 9/16x5/8 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1820_7727_wrench_duohex_oval_cr_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7029 11/16x25/32 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2225_7029_wrench_duohex_oval_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 7731A 3/4x7/8 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2428_7731a_wrench_duohex_oval_cr_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7033C 15/16x1 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db3032_7033c_wrench_duohex_oval_cralloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7034A 15/16x1-1/16 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db3034_7034a_wrench_duohex_oval_f_cropped_inset_adj.jpg)
![[Williams 7039 1-1/4x1-7/16 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db4046_7039_wrench_duohex_oval_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 6723 3/8x7/16 Short Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1214_6723_wrench_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 6725 7/16x1/2 Short Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1416_6725_wrench_oval_alloy_ii_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 6727 9/16x5/8 Short Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1820_6727_wrench_oval_cralloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7721 5/16x3/8 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1012_7721_wrench_oval_plain_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7723 3/8x7/16 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1214_7723_wrench_oval_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7725B 1/2x9/16 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1618_7725b_wrench_oval_cr_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7727 9/16x5/8 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1820_7727_wrench_oval_alloy_v_paint_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7729 5/8x3/4 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2024_7729_wrench_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 7731B 13/16x7/8 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2628_7731b_wrench_oval_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7033C 15/16x1 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db3032_7033c_wrench_oval_cralloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7033C 15/16x1 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db3032_7033c_wrench_oval_alloy_plain_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 7039B 1-1/4x1-5/16 Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db4042_7039b_wrench_oval_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8725 7/16x1/2 Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1416_8725_wrench_offset_oval_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8725B 1/2x9/16 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1618_8725b_wrench_offset_oval_cr_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8727 9/16x5/8 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1820_8727_wrench_offset_oval_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8727A 5/8x11/16 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2022_8727a_wrench_offset_oval_f3_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8729 5/8x3/4 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2024_8729_wrench_offset_oval_alloy_v_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8729 Special 5/8x13/16 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2026_8729_special_wrench_offset_oval_cr_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8029B 11/16x3/4 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2224_8029b_wrench_offset_oval_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8029 11/16x25/32 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2225_8029_wrench_offset_oval_alloy_v_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8731A 3/4x7/8 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2428_8731a_wrench_offset_oval_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8733 7/8x1 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2832_8733_wrench_offset_oval_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8034 7/8x1-1/16 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db2834_8034_wrench_offset_cralloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8735A 1-1/16x1-1/8 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db3436_8735a_wrench_offset_alloy_v_f_cropped_inset3.jpg)
![[Williams 8037 1-1/16x1-1/4 Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db3440_8037_wrench_offset_cr_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 8039 1-1/4x1-7/16 Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db4046_8039_wrench_offset_oval_cralloy_f_cropped_inset3.jpg)
![[Williams 8045 1-13/16x2 Offset Box-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db5864_8045_wrench_offset_round_f2_cropped_inset3.jpg)
![[Williams 9723 3/8x7/16 Short Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1214_9723_wrench_offset_g_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 9723 3/8x7/16 Short Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1214_9723_wrench_offset_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 9725B 1/2x9/16 Short Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1618_9725b_wrench_offset_oval_alloy_plain_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 9725B 1/2x9/16 Short Offset Box Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db1618_9725b_wrench_offset_oval_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1152 1/4x9/32 Offset Box-End Ignition Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_db0809_1152_wrench_offset_6pt_cadmium_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1803A 5/8 Single-Box Engineer's Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_sb20_1803a_wrench_alloy_b_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1807 1-1/16 Single-Box Engineer's Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_sb34_1807_wrench_cr_alloy_pat_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams H-1808 1-1/4 Single-Box Engineer's Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_sb40_h1808_wrench_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 1159 5/16 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c10_1159_wrench_combo_alloy_b_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1161 7/16 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c14_1161_wrench_combo_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams Early 1162 1/2 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c16_1162_wrench_combo_cr_alloy_stamped_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1163 9/16 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c18_1163_wrench_combo_cr_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1163 9/16 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c18_1163_wrench_combo_alloy_v_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1163 9/16 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c18_1163_wrench_combo_alloy_usa_copper_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1164 5/8 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c20_1164_wrench_combo_alloy_ii_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1164 5/8 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c20_1164_wrench_combo_alloy_dot_f_cropped_inset2_alt.jpg)
![[Williams 1165 11/16 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c22_1165_wrench_combo_alloy_wd_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1166 3/4 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c24_1166_wrench_combo_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1166A 25/32 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c25_1166a_wrench_combo_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1167A 13/16 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c26_1167a_wrench_combo_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1167 7/8 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c28_1167_wrench_combo_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams 1168 15/16 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c30_1168_wrench_combo_alloy_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1170 1 Inch Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c32_1170_wrench_combo_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams 1171 1-1/16 Combination Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_c34_1171_wrench_combo_alloy_f_cropped_inset3.jpg)
![[1933 Catalog Listing for Williams Volume Wrenches]](Photos/tools/scans/ducommun_cat_1933_p136_volume_cropped_w1600.jpg)
![[Williams A723 3/8x7/16 Open-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe1214_a723_wrench_cropped.jpg)
![[Williams A27C 9/16x11/16 Open-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe1822_a27c_wrench_wd_f_cropped.jpg)
![[Williams A731A 3/4x7/8 Open-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe2428_a731a_wrench_crmo_f_cropped.jpg)
![[Williams A90 7/16x1/2 Tappet Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe1416_a90_wrench_tappet_cropped.jpg)
![[1939 Catalog Listing for Williams Volume Wrench Sets]](Photos/tools/scans/wd_allen_cat_1939_p345_williams_volume_cropped.jpg)
![[Williams A 1/2x19/32 Open-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe1619_a_wrench_v_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams A 1/2x19/32 Open-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe1619_a_wrench_ii_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams A 5/8x25/32 Open-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe2025_a_wrench_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams A 3/4x7/8 Open-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe2428_a_wrench_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Williams Plain Series 9/16x11/16 Open-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe1822_wrench_wd_f_cropped.jpg)
![[Williams Plain Series 5/8x25/32 Open-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe2025_plain_wrench_wd_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Williams Plain Series 3/4x7/8 Open-End Wrench]](Photos/tools/williams_oe2428_plain_wrench_wd_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Volume VS-1220 5/8 Socket]](Photos/tools/volume_12dr_vs1220_socket_12pt_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Volume VB-15 3/8-Drive Speeder]](Photos/tools/volume_38dr_vb15_speeder_f_cropped_inset.jpg)
![[Volume VB-51 3/8-Drive Ratchet]](Photos/tools/volume_38dr_vb51_ratchet_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)
![[Volume VB-12xx 3/8-Drive Sockets]](Photos/tools/volume_38dr_vb12xx_sockets_12pt_x3_f_cropped_inset2.jpg)