Los Angeles Tool Company of New York

The Los Angeles Tool Company of New York was an obscure company with an improbable name, operating in Jamestown, New York. The company is currently known only by the tool in Fig. 261 below.

Fig. 260. 1923 Notice for Los Angeles Tool Company.

The scan in Fig. 260 shows a notice for the Los Angeles Tool Company, as published on page 1682 [External Link] of the June 7, 1923 issue of The Iron Age.

The text gives the company address as 269 Hopkins Street in Jamestown.

One additional reference to the company has been found: a small ad under "Machine Tools Wanted" published on page 822i [External Link] of the May 31, 1923 issue of American Machinist.

Los Angeles Tool 7/16-Hex Drive 15 Inch Speeder

Fig. 261. Los Angeles 7/16-Hex Drive 15 Inch Speeder, with Inset for Marking Detail, ca. Mid 1920s.

Fig. 261 shows a Los Angeles Tool 7/16-hex drive 15 inch speeder with a 1/2 socket installed. The end piece is stamped with "Los Angeles Tool Co. of N.Y." and "Jamestown, N.Y.", as shown in the inset.

The overall length is 14.5 inches, and the finish is black paint.

Lowentraut, P. Manufacturing Company

The P. Lowentraut Manufacturing Company was a maker of tools and hardware operating in Newark, New Jersey. The company was founded in 1869 by Peter Lowentraut and initially was located on Fair Street in Newark.

By 1884 the company had moved to a large three-story factory at 36-54 Brenner Street.

Fig. 265. 1912 Illustration of P. Lowentraut Factory. [External Link]

Fig. 265 shows an illustration of the company's factory, as published in 1912 in Newark, The City of Trade by the Newark Board of Trade.

By the early 1890s the company was offering of ice skates under the "U.S." brand. (At that time ice skates were generally designed to attach to regular street shoes.)

Fig. 266. 1891 Ad for P. Lowentraut "U.S" Ice Skates. [External Link]

Fig. 266 shows an advertisement for Lowentraut "U.S." ice skates, as published on page 79 of the November 12, 1891 issue of The Iron Age.

In 1899 the company incorporated and raised its capital to $200,000.

Fig. 267. 1912 Ad for P. Lowentraut "U.S" Tools. [External Link]

Fig. 267 shows an advertisement for Lowentraut "U.S." tools, as published on page 22 of the April 12, 1912 issue of The Hardware Reporter.

The text notes a variety of tools, including pliers, punches, chisels, saw sets, cycle wrenches, and hammers.

Also noted is the availability of the company's 1912 catalog.

Later Operations

After the death of Peter Lowentraut in 1910, his wife Anna continued to run the company for some years after.

Fig. 267B. 1914 Notice for P. Lowentraut Manufacturing. [External Link]

Fig. 267B shows a notice for P. Lowentraut Manufacturing regarding a new plant, as published on page 748 of the October 29, 1914 issue of American Machinist.

The text notes plans to build a factory to make ice skates, mechanics' tools, and household hardware. The company president is noted as A. Lowentraut.

There are few references to the company after the mid 1920s, suggesting that it may have closed by then.

Tool Identification

Lowentraut tools were marked in several different styles, some of which may not be immediately recognizable as Lowentraut production. The markings include "P.L. Mfg. Co." in a diamond logo and a more compact form with "P.L." in a diamond, referred to here as the the PL-Diamond logo.

In later years Lowentraut sold tools (and other items, including ice skates) under the "U.S." brand, typically marked inside a diamond logo. Although Lowentraut did advertise "U.S." brand ice skates under its own name, some "U.S." branded items may have been intended as contract production for other companies.

PL-Diamond Logo

Fig. 268. PL-Diamond Logo.

Fig. 268 shows the PL-Diamond logo as stamped on a tool.

US-Diamond Logo

Fig. 269. US-Diamond Logo.

Fig. 269 shows the US-Diamond logo as stamped on the Lowentraut "U.S." 5 Inch Bicycle Wrench shown in a later figure.

Lowentraut 8 Inch Gas and Burner Pliers

Fig. 270. Lowentraut 8 Inch Gas and Burner Pliers, with Insets for Side View and Marking Detail.

Fig. 270 shows a pair of Lowentraut 8 inch gas and burner pliers, stamped "Forged" with the PL-Diamond logo, and with "Cast Steel" stamped on the lower jaw.

The overall length is 8.3 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

Lowentraut 10 Inch Gas and Burner Pliers

Fig. 271. Lowentraut 10 Inch Gas and Burner Pliers, with Insets for Side View and Marking Detail.

Fig. 271 shows a pair of Lowentraut 10 inch gas and burner pliers, stamped "Forged" with the PL-Diamond logo, and with "Cast Steel" stamped on the lower jaw.

The overall length is 10.6 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

Lowentraut "U.S." 6 Inch Gas and Burner Pliers

Fig. 272. Lowentraut "U.S." 6 Inch Gas and Burner Pliers, with Inset for Side View.

Fig. 272 shows a pair of Lowentraut "U.S." 6 inch gas and burner pliers, stamped "Forged" with the "U.S" brand in a diamond. (The "U.S." mark is on the upper handle to the right of the pivot, though somewhat difficult to read.)

The overall length is 6.1 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

Lowentraut "U.S." 5 Inch Bicycle Wrench

Fig. 273. Lowentraut "U.S." 5 Inch Bicycle Wrench, with Insets for Back Side and Marking Detail.

Fig. 273 shows a Lowentraut "U.S." 5 inch bicycle wrench, stamped with "P.L. Mfg. Co." and "Newark, N.J." inside a diamond, with "Drop Forged" and "Made in U.S.A." around the outside edge of the diamond. The back side is stamped with "U.S" in a diamond on the fixed jaw (see lower inset).

The overall length is 5.4 inches, and the finish is nickel plating.

Lueck, F.R. Manufacturing Company

The F.R. Lueck Manufacturing Company operated in Milwaukee during the 1920s as the maker of a patented "Copperhead" multi-socket rim wrench.

Fig. 274. 1922 Notice for F.R. Lueck "Copperhead" Rim Wrench. [External Link]

Fig. 274 shows a notice for a Lueck "Copperhead" rim wrench, as published on page 75 of the April 1, 1922 issue of the Automobile Trade Journal.

The Lueck rim wrench was based on patent 1,430,574, filed by F.R. Lueck in 1921 and issued on October 3 of 1922.

Fig. 275. 1922 Ad for Copperhead Rim Wrench. [External Link]

Fig. 275 shows an ad for a Lueck "Copperhead" rim wrench, as published on page 192 of the April 6, 1922 issue of the Motor Age.

J.N. MacDonald & Company

The J.N. MacDonald Company operated in Hartford, Connecticut as a maker of chain-repair pliers and possibly other tools. Some of their pliers were sold using the name "Necessity", but other production may be found marked only with a patent date or number.

J.N. MacDonald "Necessity" Chain Repair Pliers

Fig. 276. 1912 Catalog Listing for J.N. MacDonald "Necessity" Chain Repair Pliers.

Fig. 276 shows a catalog listing for "Necessity" tire chain repair pliers, as published on page 50 of the 1912 catalog "A" from the E.J. Willis Company of New York City.

The illustration notes the July 26, 1910 patent date.

A listing for the "Necessity" pliers was also found on page 515 of the 1924 catalog No. 20 from the Waterhouse & Lester Company, an industrial distributor.

Fig. 277. J.N. MacDonald "Necessity" Chain Repair Pliers, with Insets for Side View and Marking Detail, ca. 1915-1920.

Fig. 277 shows a pair of J.N. MacDonald "Necessity" chain repair pliers, marked with "J.N.M. & Co." forged into the upper handle, with "Pat. July 26-10 Re-Aug-2-15" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the lower jaw.

The pliers are also marked with "Necessity" forged into the underside of the handles.

The overall length is 9.8 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

The first patent date corresponds to patent 965,722, filed by J.N. MacDonald in 1909 and issued in 1910.

The reissue patent date is incorrect and should be August 3, 1915, which corresponds to patent RE13,957.

MacDonald Patent Chain Repair Pliers

This next example uses a later patent by J.N. MacDonald.

Fig. 277B. MacDonald Patent Chain Repair Pliers, with Inset for Marking Detail.

Fig. 277B shows another pair of MacDonald chain repair pliers, marked only with the patent date "Pat. Oct. 22 12" on one jaw.

The overall length is 7.9 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

The patent date corresponds to patent 1,041,826, issued to J.N. MacDonald in 1912. The inventor was listed as residing in Hartford, Connecticut, and the patent was assigned to James M. MacDonald of nearby Wethersfield, suggesting the possibility of a family-owned tool business.

Manzel Brothers Company

The Manzel Brothers Company was established in 1896 and operated at 317-319 Babcock Street in Buffalo, New York. The company made a line of force-feed lubricators and had an extensive patent portfolio for oilers and lubricators.

Fig. 278A. 1914 Ad for Manzel Tire Pump. [External Link]

By 1914 the company was offering an engine-driven tire pump for Fords.

Fig. 278A shows an ad for the Manzel tire pump, as published on page 187 of the March, 1914 issue of Motor.

By 1922 the company was producing hydraulic shock absorbers.

The company later produced drop-forged tools for Ford automobiles and tractors and became a major manufacturer of Ford service tools.

Drop-forge production was marked with an "M" forge mark.

Acquisition by Frontier Industries

In 1946 the company was acquired by Frontier Industries, which also acquired Fairmount Tool & Forging.

Catalog Resources

Ford 40-17017 11/16x1 Spark Plug and Head Bolt Wrench

Fig. 278B. Ford 40-17017 11/16x1 Spark Plug and Head Bolt Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Marking Detail.

Fig. 278B shows a familiar wrench for Ford spark plug and head bolt service, a number 40-17017 wrench with an 11/16 hex box end and a 1 inch open end.

The wrench is marked with "M" and the model number forged into the back of the shank (see lower inset).

The overall length is 10.1 inches. The finish is plain steel with traces of the original black paint.

Originally we had listed this tool as produced by Moore Drop Forging, but we got a note from the National Ford Tool Collectors (NAFTCO) that this wrench was probably made by Manzel. (The Michigan Steel Products Forging Company is another possibility.)

Manzel Brothers "Ford" 9 Inch Auto Wrench

Fig. 278C. Manzel "Ford" 9 Inch Auto Wrench, with Inset for Marking Detail, ca. Late 1920s to 1930s.

Fig. 278C shows a 9 inch "Ford" auto wrench, marked with the "Ford" script logo and "USA" cast into the moveable jaw, with an "M" forge mark at the upper end of the shank.

The overall length is 9.2 inches, and the finish is black paint.

The "M" forge mark indicates production by the Manzel Brothers Company.

The end of the shank has a 5/16 square stud for removing oil drain plugs.

Manzel Brothers "Ford" 9/16x5/8 Open-End Wrench

Fig. 278D. Manzel "Ford" 9/16x5/8 Open-End Wrench, with Inset for Back Side, ca. 1920s to 1930s.

Fig. 278D shows a 9/16x5/8 open-end wrench, marked with the "Ford" script logo and "U.S.A." forged into the shank, with an "M" forge mark on the back side.

The overall length is 5.5 inches, and the finish is black paint.

The "M" forge mark indicates production by the Manzel Brothers Company.

McPherson-Huff Tool Company

The McPherson-Huff Tool Company was founded in 1927 as a maker of automotive tools in Sabina, Ohio. The founders were Elmer T. McPherson and William L. Huff.

McPherson had earlier received patent #1,193,578 in 1916, which was assigned to the Irwin Auger Bit Company of Wilmington, Ohio.

Fig. 279. 1927 Notice for McPherson-Huff Tool Company. [External Link]

Fig. 279 shows a small notice of the founding of the McPherson-Huff Tool Company, as published on page 624 of the February 24, 1927 issue of The Iron Age.

The company was incorporated on May 17, 1928 with $30,000 in capital, according to a 1928 report from the State of Ohio.

Currently we don't have much information on the company's tools. No advertisements or new product announcements for McPherson-Huff have been found, and we haven't seen any examples of tools marked with the company's name. This leads us to suspect that the company worked exclusively as a contract manufacturer.

McPherson-Huff does appear in various product directory listings in trade publications, and based on these listings the company was primarily a maker of striking tools such as chisels, punches, and nail sets.

Connection with MAC Tools

Sabina, Ohio was just a small town in the 1930s, but in 1938 it became home to another tool company when the Mechanics' Tool & Forge Company (later known as MAC Tools) was founded. As might be expected, there were some connections between the two.

Ralph McPherson was one of the founders of Mechanics' Tool & Forge (and its first president), and he had previously worked at McPherson-Huff. The matching surnames suggest a family connection with the founder of McPherson-Huff.

Another connection would have been harder to predict. On January 4, 1940 a major fire destroyed the McPherson-Huff factory and caused an estimated $100,000 in damages, according to a notice on page 79 of the January 11, 1940 issue of The Iron Age. The fire temporarily knocked the company out of business while the factory was being rebuilt.

After the fire, Mechanics' Tool & Forge bought the damaged inventory from McPherson-Huff, and then cleaned and retempered the tools to sell. As McPherson-Huff was commonly called "MAC-Huff" for short, the sale of MAC-Huff tools provided the "MAC" name adopted by Mechanics' Tool & Forge.

This origin story of the MAC name was related by Otto Tucker, another founder of Mechanics' Tool & Forge, in a newspaper article on the occasion of his retirement at age 79, as published in the September 2, 1967 edition of the Wilmington News-Journal.

According to Tucker, another consequence of the fire was that about 20 salesman left McPherson-Huff en masse to work at Mechanics' Tool & Forge. This jump-started the direct sales model at the latter company, but left McPherson-Huff without a sales force after the factory rebuid.

After this initial "fire sale", it appears that McPherson-Huff continued to supply chisels, punches, and screwdrivers to Mechanics' Tool & Forge.

Production for Sears Roebuck

In 1944 McPherson-Huff landed a contract with Sears Roebuck to supply tools such as chisels and punches, and by 1966 was selling about 500,000 such tools annually through Sears. This information was found in the transcript of the product liability lawsuit mentioned below.

Maker "N-Square"?

As a supplier to Sears, McPherson-Huff would normally be expected to mark its production with a manufacturer's code, in order to allow Sears to sort and return any defective tools for credit. We've seen reports that McPherson-Huff marked its tools with an "N-Square" ("N" in a square) code, a code which is known to have been used for chisels, punches, and pliers.

This is plausible based on the fact that McPherson-Huff was a major supplier of chisels and punches, but at the present time (2024) we haven't seen any actual evidence to attribute the "N-Square" mark.

To identify the maker of a Craftsman tool, normally we like to see two tools with some kind of design or manufacturing quirk, with one tool marked with its maker's brand and the other marked with "Craftsman" and the code in question. However, McPherson-Huff may not have produced tools under its own name, so this standard of proof may be out of reach.

We think that the best way to settle the assertion about the use of the "N-Square" code is by reference to the trial transcript for the lawsuit noted in the next section. Since McPherson-Huff was accused of making a defective tool, the trial would have had to include testimony describing how to positively identify McPherson-Huff as the maker of the tool in question. This testimony should quickly settle the question about the use of "N-Square", and if the company actually used a different code, that would be equally valuable information to discover.

A Product Liability Lawsuit

In 1967 McPherson-Huff was named as a defendant (along with Sears Roebuck) in a lawsuit filed on behalf of a person blinded by a fragment from a punch made by the company. The case didn't go to trial until 1972, but at trial the plaintiff's lawyer, Philip H. Corboy, was extraordinarily well prepared. Corboy had commissioned an analysis of the tool by a metallurgist, which showed that the tool in question had been improperly hardened.

Other details that came out during the trial revealed that Sears had only verbally requested the McPherson-Huff meet Federal specifications for its tools, that Sears had tested only a tiny fraction of the tools being sold, and that approximately 1/2 of one percent of the tools were being returned to the McPherson-Huff as defective.

The jury decided in favor of the plaintiff and awarded more than $700,000 in damages, which was split among Sears Roebuck, McPherson-Huff, and an insurance company.

The case reference is PROCACCINI v. SEARS ROEBUCK & CO., No. 67 L 1629 (Cir. Ct. Cook County, Ill. 1967), and we hope to locate the transcript to search for additional details of McPherson-Huff's production for Sears. A summary of the trial is included in Corboy's book Final Arguments.

If any of our readers are lawyers and know how to access the case transcript, please let us know via email!

Acquisition by MAC Tools

With the product liability lawsuit pending, in 1968 McPherson-Huff was dissolved and was succeeded by M-H Incorporated, which was then acquired by MAC Tools.

Patents

Trademarks

No trademarks for McPherson-Huff have been found.

Millers Falls Company

The Millers Falls Company operated in Millers Falls, Massachusetts as the maker of a wide variety of tools and hardware.

Millers Falls No. 199 Four-Way Offset Screwdriver

Fig. 280. Millers Falls No. 199 Four-Way Offset Screwdriver, with Inset for Top View, ca. 1930s to 1940s.

Fig. 280 shows a Millers Falls No. 199 four-way offset screwdriver, stamped with "Millers Falls Co." and "Made in U.S.A." on the shank.

The overall length is 5.2 inches, and the finish is nickel plating.

Millers Falls No. 803 3/32 Nailset Punch

Fig. 281. Millers Falls No. 803 3/32 Nailset Punch, with Inset for Side View, ca. 1930s to 1940s.

Fig. 281 shows a Millers Falls No. 803 3/32 tapered punch for setting nails, stamped with "Millers Falls" and "Made in U.S.A." on the head, with the model number and "Alloy" plus the size (tip diameter) on an adjacent face.

The overall length is 4.0 inches, and the finish is plain steel with polished faces.

Millers Falls No. 1470 6 Inch Slip-Joint Combination Pliers

Fig. 282. Millers Falls No. 1470 6 Inch Slip-Joint Combination Pliers, with Inset for Side View, ca. 1920s to 1940s.

Fig. 282 shows a pair of Millers Falls No. 1470 6 inch combination pliers, stamped "Millers Falls" and "Made in U.S.A." on the handle.

The overall length is 6.5 inches, and the finish is cadmium plating.

The inset shows an edge view of the pliers, illustrating the rectangular grid gripping pattern on the handles.

The handle gripping pattern is similar to, but subtly different from Crescent's "Checkerdot" pattern, which can be seen on the Crescent L26 Pliers.

Motor Specialties Company (Mosco)

The Motor Specialties Company of Waltham, Massachusetts was a maker of automotive products operating in the early 20th century.

The company sold products under the "Mosco" brand and is probably best known for a wheel puller for the Model T Ford, and for a patented nut holder tool.

Fig. 287. 1919 Catalog Listing for Mosco Wheel Puller.

Fig. 287 shows a listing for the Mosco wheel puller, as found on page 113 of the 1919 Ford Owners' Supply Book (Eastern edition) catalog. The same catalog also offered the nut holder tool, but without mentioning the Mosco brand.

No relation is known between this company and the Snap-on distribution company with a similar name operating in Chicago during the 1920s.

Mosco 9/16 Nut Holder

Fig. 288. Mosco 9/16 Nut Holder, with Inset for Top View, ca. 1918-1925.

Fig. 288 shows a Mosco 9/16 nut holder tool, marked with the patent date "Pat. 2-19-18" on one face. The corresponding patent was found to be 1,257,003, which was issued to H.S. Hoyt in 1918 and assigned to the Motor Specialties Company.

The overall length is 1.2 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

The patent document describes the intended application as a holder for nuts or bolts that would otherwise turn freely, requiring another person to assist. The 9/16 size would make this tool suitable for holding Ford Model T engine base bolts, certainly a common service job at the time of the patent filing.

A 1924 catalog from Western Auto Supply lists a nut-holder very similar to this example, and although the maker is not identified, it is presumed to be the Mosco tool.

Another more elaborate tool designed for basically the same purpose can be seen in the Blackhawk 6218 Speeder Wrench.

Mystery Makers

Identifying the maker of an old tool is the most basic first step to understanding its history. We maintain a collection of tool catalogs and other resources to assist with this process, yet despite our best efforts, some tools remain "mystery brands" of unknown origin.

But rather than let these mystery tools languish in a drawer somewhere, we've decided to display them here in a special section, with hopes that some reader may recognize the markings or style. If you do have information on any of these tools, please let us know via email.

The tools in this section will be indexed under "Mystery Tool", as though there were a Mystery Tool Company located somewhere.

Breaking News! We recently found a catalog listing linking the W. & M. Co. Mystery Ratchet to a socket set produced by Mossberg for Sears Roebuck.

Breaking News (2021)! We found a catalog listing showing that the Chrome Molybdenum Mystery Wrench was produced by Barcalo Manufacturing. The mystery wrench was added here in 2007, so we're glad to finally solve it!

Breaking News (2023)! We found a catalog listing identifying the SSR14 7/16 Square Ratcheting Wrench as a product of Detroit Tool and Forge. Detroit Tool and Forge was succeeded by the D.T.M. Corporation, which marked its tools with the DTM-Hex logo observed on the mystery tools.

Mystery Battery Terminal Pliers

Fig. 289. Mystery Battery Termional Pliers, with Inset for Jaw Detail.

Fig. 289 shows a pair of unmarked battery terminal pliers, designed for lifting a battery terminal while pushing on the post.

The overall length is 11.7 inches, and the finish is polished steel.

The handle ends are curved back to allow the tool to be easily held by the fingers.

Mystery Screwdriver Socket Box Wrench

Fig. 290. Mystery Screwdriver Socket Wrench, with Inset for End View.

Fig. 290 shows an unusual screwdriver and socket wrench combination tool, stamped "216B" with a "Pat. in U.S.A. Oct. 7, 1919" patent date.

The overall length is 6.7 inches with the sockets fully extended, and the finish appears to be cadmium plating.

The tool consists of a shank with a central hexagonal grip and sockets on each end, sized 3/8 and 7/16. The sockets can be extended and locked in place by a pin through the shaft, allowing to tool to operate as a nut driver. When unlocked, the sockets will slide back on the shaft to reveal a screwdriver blade on each end, and the socket opening will act as a guide to hold the blade in the screw slot.

The patent date corresponds to patent 1,318,088, issued to C.H. Klein in 1919 with assignment to American Telephone & Telegraph.

One of our readers has pointed out that this was a familiar tool for telephone linemen, used for connecting the internal wiring for telephones. (Older readers may remember when telephones required wires in the basement.) The tool was likely made by Western Electric, the captive manufacturing division of AT&T.

Mystery 41-W-642-25 7/8x15/16 Angle-Head Obstruction Wrench

Fig. 291. Mystery 41-W-642-25 7/8x15/16 Angle-Head Obstruction Wrench, with Inset for Marking Detail, ca. 1941-1945.

Fig. 291 shows a Mystery 41-W-642-25 7/8x15/16 obstruction wrench, marked only with the 41-W series military model number.

The overall length is 9.2 inches, and the finish is plain steel or black oxide.

The 41-W marking is a federal stock number and should be sufficient for identifying the wrench, but we haven't found the right document yet.

"Childcraft" 41-W-1468-475 3/4x3/4 Angle-Head Obstruction Wrench

Fig. 292. "Childcraft" 41-W-1468-475 3/4x3/4 Angle-Head Obstruction Wrench, with Insets for Back Side and Marking Detail, ca. Early to Mid 1940s.

Fig. 292 shows a "Childcraft" 41-W-1468-475 3/4x3/4 angle-head obstruction wrench, stamped with "Childcraft" on the shank, with "41-W-1468-475" on the back side.

The overall length is 11.2 inches, and the finish is plain steel or black oxide.

The opening sizes of the wrench are not marked, but measure close to 25/32.

A search for "Childcraft" didn't turn up any tool-related companies, suggesting that this could be a nom de guerre like Bonney's "Krieger" brand.

Although we're listing this in our "mystery" tools section, it isn't really a mystery — the "41-W" code is a federal stock number identifying the specific application of the wrench. These numbers are listed in documents such as the Ordnance Supply Catalog ORD 5 SNL J-4 for the WWII era, and someone with access to such documents will likely find this wrench listed as a maintenance tool for a military vehicle.

We're getting closer! A recent (2023) search turned up the following listing.

Fig. 293. 1940 Notice for 41-W-1468-475 3/4x3/4 Wrench. [External Link]

Fig. 293 shows a listing identifying the use for the 41-W-1468-475 tool, as published in the 1940 War Department Technical Manual.

The caption at the top identifies the application as maintenance for 4-ton 6x6 Diamond T trucks, and the 41-W part number identifies it as a 3/4x3/4 angle-head wrench for internal and external manifold nuts.

The manufacturer's number is given as TEC 6-117, which hopefully will lead to the maker.

Mystery 1/2-Drive Brace Bit Adapter

Fig. 294. Mystery 1/2-Drive Brace Bit Adapter, ca. 1910s to 1920s.

Fig. 294 shows an unmarked 1/2-drive brace bit adapter, allowing a carpenter's brace to operate with standard 1/2-drive sockets.

The overall height is 4.1 inches, and the finish is nickel plating.

The adapter uses an inserted pin as a stop for the drive stud, a somewhat uncommon construction technique known to have been used by Walden for its early socket sets.

Mystery "MM-Oval" 7/16x9/16x1-1/4 Triple-Open Wrench

Fig. 295. Mystery "MM-Oval" 7/16x9/16x1-1/4 Triple-Open Wrench, with Inset for Marking Detail.

Fig. 295 shows a 7/16x9/16x1-1/4 triple-open wrench, marked only with an intricate logo resembling nested "MM" letters in an oval, referred to as the MM-Oval logo in the text.

The overall length is 5.8 inches, and the finish is polished steel.

This wrench may be designed for use with cylinders of compressed gas, but the maker is not yet known.

Nagel-Chase Manufacturing Company

The Nagel-Chase Manufacturing Company was founded by Theodore Nagel and Guy M. Chase and operated in Chicago, Illinois. The company was formed in 1908 as the successor to the Nagel Manufacturing Company.

The 1909 Certified List of Domestic and Foreign Corporations listed the company with $15,000 capital, with an address at 251 South Jefferson Street in Chicago.

By 1909 the company was a maker of telephony supplies such as ground clamps and test connectors, and by the 1910s was a maker of gasoline and kerosene lamps.

During the 1940s Nagel-Chase was a maker of ratcheting box-end wrenches and is known as a supplier for the Sears Dunlap brand.

Patents

[Nagel-Chase] Dunlap 3/8x7/16 Ratcheting Box Wrench

Fig. 296. Dunlap 3/8x7/16 Ratcheting Box Wrench, with Inset for Side View, ca. 1944-1947.

Fig. 296 shows a Dunlap 3/8x7/16 ratcheting box wrench, stamped "Made U.S.A." with a "Pat. - App." patent notice.

The overall length is 5.5 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

The pending status refers to patent #2,421,038, filed by E. Schultz in 1944 and issued in 1947, with assignment to the Nagel-Chase Manufacturing Company.

[Nagel-Chase] Dunlap 1/2x9/16 Ratcheting Box Wrench

Fig. 297. Dunlap 1/2x9/16 Ratcheting Box Wrench, with Inset for Side View, ca. 1947+.

Fig. 297 shows a Dunlap 1/2x9/16 ratcheting box wrench, stamped "Made U.S.A." with a "Pat. 2421038" patent notice.

The overall length is 6.7 inches, and the finish is cadmium plating.

The patent notice is for patent #2,421,038, filed by E. Schultz in 1944 and issued in 1947, with assignment to the Nagel-Chase Manufacturing Company.

New Britain Manufacturing Company

New Britain Manufacturing was a small company known only as the maker of an early "Pick-Up" ratchet wrench, but has long been confused with the well-known New Britain Machine Company due to their similar names. Both companies operated in New Britain, Connecticut, as did many other tool and hardware companies. Kenneth Cope's book American Wrench Makers 1830-1930, 2nd Edition (AWM2e) lumps the Pick-Up wrench in with other products by New Britain Machine, and in earlier editions of this site we showed the Pick-Up wrench as an early tool from New Britain Machine.

Recently though we noticed the small difference in the company names, and a check of early advertisements and trade notices showed that the Pick-Up tools were consistently listed as a product of New Britain Manufacturing.

Various reports from the State of Connecticut show that New Britain Manufacturing was in the die-sinking business in 1908, but was listed as a maker of Pick-Up ratchet wrenches in later years. This suggests a small company that found some success with a new (and patented) product, which then became their main line of business. We believe this evidence supports listing New Britain Manufacturing as a separate company, unrelated to the better known New Britain Machine Company.

Fig. 298. 1908 Listing for New Britain Manufacturing Co. [External Link]

Fig. 298 shows a directory listing for the company, as published on page 48 of the 1908 report from the Connecticut Office of the Factory Inspector. The entry notes that New Britain Manufacturing was in the die-sinking and repairing business at that time. (New Britain Machine is noted as maker of steam engines.)

Fig. 299. 1916 Listing for New Britain Manufacturing Co. [External Link]

Fig. 299 shows a later listing, as published on page 44 of the 1916 Connecticut Department of Factory Inspection report. This entry shows New Britain Manufacturing (on the bottom line) as the maker of Pick-up ratchet wrenches.

The line above lists the New Britain Machine Company as making woodworking and special machinery.

The Pick-Up Ratchet Wrench

The Pick-Up wrench was based on patent 847,601, filed by G.B. Pickop in 1907 and issued later that year. (The name "Pick-Up" can be seen as a word play on the inventor's name.) Based on the notices and advertisements found so far, the Pick-Up wrench was available by 1908 and remained on the market until around 1918 or so.

Fig. 300. 1908 Notice for Pick-Up Ratchet Wrench. [External Link]

Fig. 300 shows a notice for the Pick-Up ratchet wrench, as published on page 1352 of the April 23, 1908 issue of The Iron Age.

The text describes the "Pick-Up" ratchet wrench in some detail, and the maker is noted as the New Britain Manufacturing Company.

The Pick-Up wrench is noted as being available in seven sizes from 4 to 24 inches, with the 7 inch version (with a 7/8 opening) being marketed as a spark-plug wrench.

The tool was also available as a set in a wooden box, including the ratchet wrench, a universal joint, extension, screwdriver blades, and 31 sockets.

A similar notice was published on page 90 [External Link] of the August, 1908 issue of the Cycle and Automobile Trade Journal. This later notice provides the company address as 214 South Main Street in New Britain, Connecticut.

Catalog Listing for "Pick-Up" Wrench Sets

New Britain Manufacturing was able to get their products into distribution fairly quickly, as the following catalog listing shows.

Fig. 301. 1910 Catalog Listing for Pick-Up Wrench Sets.

The scan in Fig. 301 shows a listing for two "Pick-Up" wrench sets, as published on page 171 of the 1910 Chanslor & Lyon catalog.

The text notes that the small set included 15 sockets and came in a leather case, with a $7.50 price.

The larger set contained 32 sockets and was furnished in a wooden box, with a $10.00 price.

In later years the Pick-Up ratchet and socket sets were made by Crescent Manufacturing (no, not Crescent Tool!), a tool and hardware company based in New York City. An example of a Crescent Pick-Up Ratchet Set can be seen in that article.

"Pick-Up" Spark Plug Wrench

Fig. 302. Pick-Up Spark Plug Wrench, with Insets for Construction and Marking Detail, ca. 1907-1918.

Fig. 302 shows a "Pick-Up" spark plug wrench with an unusual spline driver design, marked with "Pick-Up" and "Patd" on the handle. In operation, the handle can be raised in its loose connection to allow the spline to disengage from the socket, and then turned to engage the next slot.

The overall length is 9.4 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

The patent notice refers to patent 847,601, filed by G.B. Pickop in 1907 and issued later that year.

The patent description calls this a ratchet wrench, but technically it is a clutch mechanism, as the socket can be turned in either direction once the slot and spline are engaged. The "Pick-Up" trade name is a clever play on the inventor's name and the method of operation, as the handle is picked up to disengage the drive.

Oswego Tool Company

The Oswego Tool Company was founded in 1887 by John J. Tonkin and Albert N. Radcliffe in Oswego, New York. The company operated as a maker of tools and machinery.

Fig. 303. 1906 Notice for John J. Tonkin. [External Link]

Fig. 303 shows a notice with background information on John J. Tonkin and the founding of Oswego Tool, as published on page 20 of the February 10, 1906 edition of The Iron and Machinery World.

The text notes that Tonkin and A.N. Radcliffe formed the company in 1887, with Tonkin as its first president.

In 1893 the company was incorporated with $25,000 of capital. A notice of the incorporation can be found on page 15 [External Link] of the May 18, 1893 issue of The Iron Trade Review, which lists the incorporators as John J. Tonkin, Albert N. Radcliffe, and Chauncey C. Place.

Chauncey C. Place had previously formed the Place Manufacturing Company to produce Giles patent pipe wrenches.

Fig. 304. 1913 Notice for Oswego Tool Stillson Pipe Wrench. [External Link]

Fig. 304 shows a notice for an Oswego Tool Stillson-pattern pipe wrench, as published on page 1045 of the June 19, 1913 issue of American Machinist.

Tool Identification

OT-Circle Logo

Fig. 305. OT-Circle Logo.

Fig. 305 shows the OT-Circle logo stamped on a tool.

Oswego Tool 10 Inch Stillson-Pattern Pipe Wrench

Fig. 306. Oswego Tool 10 Inch Stillson-Pattern Pipe Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Marking Detail.

Fig. 306 shows an Oswego Tool 10 inch Stillson-pattern pipe wrench with a wooden handle. The wrench is marked with "Oswego Tool Co." and the OT-Circle logo stamped on the shank, with "Stillson Wrench" above plus "Made in U.S.A." and "Oswego, N.Y." below.

The overall length is 9.4 inches closed and 10.6 inches fully extended, providing a maximum opening of 1.2 inches. The finish is plain steel with black paint on the handle.

Page-Storms Drop Forge Company

The Page-Storms Drop Forge Company was founded in 1902 by Edward C. Page and Frank F. Storms, with operations in Chicopee, Massachusetts. The company operated primarily as a merchant drop forger, but also produced a line of open-end and pipe wrenches.

By 1918 Page-Storms had become one of the "Big Nine" of the forging industry: nine companies who together accounted for nearly all of the drop-forged wrench production. These companies jointly signed a Conservation Agreement to reduce manpower and materials, as requested by the War Industries Board.

In 1919 Page-Storms was acquired by the Moore Drop Forging Company of nearby Springfield, Massachusetts.

Fig. 307. 1919 Advertisement for Page-Storms Drop Forge. [External Link]

Fig. 307 shows an advertisement for Page-Storms Drop Forge, as published on page 73 of the October, 1919 issue of The American Drop Forger.

Tool Identification

PS-Oval Logo

Fig. 308. PS-Oval Logo.

Fig. 308 shows the PS-Oval logo stamped on the face of a wrench made for Crompton & Knowles.

Page-Storms 3/4x13/16 Open-End Wrench for Crompton & Knowles

Fig. 309. Page-Storms 3/4x13/16 Open-End Wrench, with Inset for Back Side Detail.

Fig. 309 shows a Page-Storms 3/4x13/16 open-end wrench made for Crompton & Knowles, stamped "Crompton & Knowles Loom Works" on the shank, with the PS-Oval logo on the opposite face.

The overall length is 7.7 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

Page-Storms 7/16x1/2 Toolpost Wrench for Crompton & Knowles

Fig. 310. Page-Storms 7/16x1/2 Toolpost Wrench, with Inset for Back Side.

Fig. 310 shows a Page-Storms 7/16x1/2 toolpost wrench made for Crompton & Knowles, stamped "Crompton & Knowles Loom Works" on the shank, with the PS-Oval logo on the opposite face.

The overall length is 5.8 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

Palmer Brothers Company

The Palmer Brothers Company operated in Meadville, Pennsylvania and is currently known only for their "Welloct" brand of pliers of patented construction.

Currently we don't have a lot of information about this company. It was apparently founded as the Palmer Brothers Tool & Forging Company and was in operation before 1940, based on online references.

The company's main product were pliers based on patent 2,152,563, issued to Robert W. Palmer and John P. Palmer in 1939.

By the late 1940s the company had changed its name to the Palmer Welloct Tools Corporation, based on the apparent success of the pliers.

Fig. 311. 1948 Notice for Palmer Welloct.

Fig. 311 shows a notice for the Palmer Welloct Tool Corporation, as published on page 232 of the February 12, 1948 issue of Hardware Age.

The text notes that the company was incorporated in April of 1947 after being originally formed as a partnership. The principals were three brothers, Robert W. Palmer, John P. Palmer, and Edward R. Palmer.

Fig. 312. 1953 Advertisement for Palmer Welloct Pliers.

The scan in Fig. 312 shows an advertisement for Palmer Welloct pliers, as published on page 273 of the September, 1953 issue of Popular Science.

Trademarks

Palmer Brothers "Welloct" No. 207 Slip-Joint Pliers

Fig. 313. Palmer Brothers "Welloct" No. 207 Slip-Joint Pliers, with Insets for Side View and Marking Detail, ca. 1945+.

Fig. 313 shows a pair of "Welloct" No. 207 slip-joint pliers, stamped "U.S. Pat. 2152563" near the pivot joint, with "Palmer Brothers" and "Meadville, PA." on the back side.

The overall length is 7.1 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

The top inset shows a side view of the pliers, with the dimple-like pattern on the handles somewhat similar to the well-known "Vacuum Grip" pattern.

The patent notice refers to patent 2,152,563, issued to Robert W. Palmer and John P. Palmer in 1939. The patent describes pliers made with a forged tab on one handle operating in a slot in the other handle, effectively providing a slip-joint function without using a special bolt.

The "Welloct" marking indicates production after 1945.

Parmelee Wrench Company

The Parmelee Wrench Company was founded in Chicago as the maker of a patented "girdle" pipe wrench. The company was in business by early 1903, based on a notice on page 211 of the April, 1903 issue of Power.

The company's products were based on patent 648,706, filed in 1899 by Homer Parmelee and issued in 1900. The patent shows the "jaws" of the wrench composed of segmented circular arcs designed to fit a pipe with a specific diameter.

A later patent 871,436 provided a refinement to the original design and was issued to Roy Parmelee in November of 1907. This patent date was frequently marked on the company's products.

Fig. 314. 1904 Ad for Parmelee Pipe Wrench.

The scan in Fig. 314 shows an ad for the Parmelee pipe wrench, as published on page 126 of the June 1, 1904 issue of The Engineer.

The text shows the company's address as 1058 Monroe Street in Chicago.

Increased Capital

By 1911 business was apparently doing well, as the company raised additional capital to expand its operations.

Fig. 315. 1911 Notice for Parmelee Wrench Company. [External Link]

Fig. 315 shows a notice of a capital raise for the Parmelee Wrench Company, as published on page 689 of the March 16, 1911 issue of The Iron Age.

The text notes that the company had increased its capital from $2,500 to $10,000, and that the installation of new machinery would allow the company to triple its output.

Fig. 316. 1912 Ad for Parmelee Pipe Wrench. [External Link]

Fig. 316 shows a later ad for the Parmelee pipe wrench, as published on page 215 of the May, 1912 issue of Mill Supplies.

The text notes that the wrench has no teeth and will not mar the finish of pipe, and is especially designed for handling brass and nickel plated pipe.

The company address is given as 2517 Monroe Street.

Fig. 317. 1913 Notice for Parmelee Wrench Company. [External Link]

Fig. 317 shows a notice announcing the availability of Parmelee wrenches in larger sizes, as published on page 196 of the August 16, 1913 issue of Domestic Engineering.

The text notes that wrenches for pipe of four, six, and eight inch diameters were now available, and that the wrenches would allow the use of threaded rather than flanged pipe.

Acquisition by Walworth Manufacturing

By 1914 the Parmelee pipe wrench had been acquired by (or licensed to) the Walworth Manufacturing Company, a major manufacturer of plumbing supplies and tools. Walworth was the original maker of the Stillson pipe wrench.

Walworth offered the Parmelee design as the Walworth Parmelee wrench, with the wrench showing both names, and typically marked with the 1907 patent.

Later Operations

After the 1914 acquisition by Walworth, there are still some references to the Parmelee Wrench Company in the trade press, and also references to a Parmelee Tool Company at the same address in Chicago.

By 1915 the Parmelee Tool Company was offering a Stillson pipe vise. A notice and illustration of the pipe vise can be found on page 650 of the November 15, 1915 issue of the Plumbers' Trade Journal.

Interestingly though, the Parmelee Wrench Company remains in business today and operates in Harrison, New Jersey as the seller of ... Parmelee pipe wrenches! Apparently the company re-acquired the rights to its original product, and its current pipe wrenches look very similar to the 100 year old design.

The interested reader can find additional information about the company on its About Us [External Link] web page.

The company address is given as 125 Jersey Street in Harrison, New Jersey, which is the same address as that for the C.S. Osborne Company. We've seen references to the Parmelee company as an affiliate of C.S. Osborne, although there is no mention of a connection on either company's website.

Parmelee No. 1 Pipe Wrench

Fig. 318. Parmelee No. 1 Pipe Wrench, with Insets for Side View, Construction, and Marking Detail, ca. 1907-1913.

Fig. 318 shows an early Parmelee No. 1 pipe wrench, marked with "Parmelee" and "PAT 11-19-1907" cast into the wrench head.

The patent date refers to patent 871,436, filed by Roy Parmelee in 1905 and issued in 1907.

The overall length is 12.0 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

The top inset shows the interior of the folding jaw assembly. Each jaw assembly was designed to fit a specific pipe diameter, in this case 3/4 inch pipe.

The jaw assembly is secured to the wrench head by a pin with a spring clip, seen at the right in the top inset.

This wrench model was originally supplied with three jaws, but we acquired the tool with just the one jaw assembly shown in the photograph.

Our wrench is an early example made before the acquisition by Walworth. Wrenches made after the acquistion were dual-marked as "Walworth-Parmelee", and an example can be seen on the present-day company's website.

Peerless Wrench Company

The Peerless Wrench Company was founded in 1919 and operated in Providence, Rhode Island. Based on a published report by the Rhode Island Secretary of State, the founders were Anthony M. Cunha, Florence E. Allen, and William D. Whipple, and the company's certificate of incorporation was issued on July 21, 1919. The stated business activities were manufacturing, buying, and selling of wrenches, tools, and other metal products.

Aside from the incorporation notice, we haven't been able to find many published references to Peerless Wrench, suggesting that the company probably had a relatively short life.

The company's most notable product was a distinctive rotating-head ratchet, for which Anthony M. Cunha had received patent 1,307,485 in 1919. In addition to the rotating head, the ratchet also incorporated an advanced progressive-engagement pawl mechanism. This innovative design was an milestone in the development of ratchets, and influenced later (and better known) models such as the OTC H-160 Flex Ratchet and S-K Roto-Ratchet.

A catalog listing for the Peerless ratchet appears on page 362 of the Waterhouse & Lester catalog No. 20 for 1924. It was available in two versions, a fixed head for $2.75, and a universal (rotating) head for $3.75.

In the late 1920s the Apco-Mossberg company offered its own version of the Peerless ratchet as a Ford connecting rod wrench. The Apco-Mossberg version of the ratchet has "APCO" instead of "Peerless" forged into the handle.

Peerless Wrench 1/2-Hex Drive Rotating-Head Ratchet

Fig. 319. "Peerless" 1/2-Hex Drive Cunha Patent Ratchet, with Insets for Side View and Back Side Detail, ca. 1920s.

Fig. 319 shows a 1/2-hex drive Peerless Wrench rotating-head ratchet of the Cunha patented design, marked with the patent notice "Pat'd June 24, 1919 March 1, 1921" forged into the shank.

The rotating head is fitted with a hex drive stud that can be pushed through to back side the operation.

The overall length is 8.3 inches, and the finish is polished steel.

The first patent date refers to patent 1,307,485, filed by A.M. Cunha in 1918 and issued in 1919.

The second date refers to patent 1,370,194, filed by A.M. Cunha in 1919 and issued in 1921. This later patent described a removable accessory handle that could be added to the base ratchet to form a Tee handle.

This ratchet was acquired as part of a "Service" socket set in a metal case, but this tool was the only marked piece in the set. The generic markings of the set suggest that it was made as contract production for another company, possibly a large retail operation.

The socket set has since been identified as a product of the Service Engineering Corporation and more information can be found in that article.

APCO Cunha Patent 1/2-Hex Drive Rotating-Head Ratchet

Fig. 319B. APCO Cunha Patent 1/2-Hex Drive Ratchet, with Insets for Side View and Back Side Detail, ca. Late 1920s.

Fig. 319B shows the APCO version of the Cunha patent rotating-head ratchet, marked with "APCO" forged into the shank, with "Pat'd June 24, 1919 March 1, 1921" forged into the back side.

The overall length is 8.3 inches, and the finish is plain steel, with extensive pitting due to rust.

The first patent date refers to patent 1,307,485, filed by A.M. Cunha in 1918 and issued in 1919.

The second date refers to patent 1,370,194, filed by A.M. Cunha in 1919 and issued in 1921. This later patent described a removable accessory handle that could be added to the base ratchet to form a Tee handle.

Place Manufacturing Company

The Place Manufacturing Company was founded in 1889 by Chauncey C. Place and operated in Oswego, New York as a maker of lathe chucks, pipe wrenches, and other tools.

One of the tools produced by Place Manufacturing was a pipe wrench based on patent 391,957, issued in 1888 to J.A. Giles.

In 1893 Chauncey C. Place was one of the incorporators of the Oswego Tool Company, which afterwards produced the Giles patent wrench.

Place Mfg. 10 Inch Giles Patent Pipe Wrench

Fig. 320. Place Mfg. 10 Inch Giles Patent Pipe Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Back Side Detail, ca. 1889 to 1890s.

Fig. 320 shows a Place Mfg. 10 inch pipe wrench, marked with "The Place M'f'g Co." and "Oswego, N.Y." forged into the shank, with "Giles Patent" and "Oct. 30 '88." forged into the back side.

The overall length is 9.9 inches, and the finish is plain steel.

The patent date refers to patent 391,957, filed by J.A. Giles in 1888 and issued later that year, with partial assignment to C.C. Place.

Port Clinton Manufacturing Company

The Port Clinton Manufacturing Company operated in Port Clinton, Ohio and is currently known only for the "Hydra-Hex" patented ratcheting line wrench.

The Hydra-Hex wrench was based on patent 3,015,245, filed in 1960 by C.L. Dracka and issued in 1962, with assignment to the Port Clinton Manufacturing Company.

Patents

Hydra-Hex 7/8 Ratcheting Line Wrench

Fig. 322. Hydra-Hex 7/8 Ratcheting Line Wrench, with Insets for Operational and Marking Detail, ca. 1960s.

Fig. 322 shows an unusual Hydra-Hex 7/8 ratcheting line wrench, stamped with "Hydra-Hex" and "Pat. 3015245" on the head.

The tool is also stamped with a PCMCo-Circle logo at the left end of the handle, representing the initials of the Port Clinton Manufacturing Company.

Quality Tools Corporation

The Quality Tools Corporation operated in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania as a maker of hand tools and pneumatic equipment, which were sold under the "Old Forge" and possibly other brands. The company was founded in 1923.

Fig. 323. 1923 Notice for Quality Tools Corporation. [External Link]

Fig. 323 shows a notice of the formation of the Quality Tools Corporation, as published on page 1362 of the November 15, 1923 issue of The Iron Age.

Fig. 324. 1924 Notice for Quality Tools Corporation. [External Link]

Fig. 324 shows a notice with some additional information for the company, as published on page 400 of the October, 1924 issue of Forging-Stamping-Heat Treating.

The text notes that the company was incorporated recently with $25,000 capital and was now manufacturing pneumatic chisels and hand tools. The company president is listed as J.A. McLaughry.

Trademarks

Fig. 325. 1924 Notice of Trademark for Quality Tools Corporation. [External Link]

Fig. 325 shows a notice of the grant of trademark #190,593 to the Quality Tools Corporation, as published on page 263 of the October 14, 1924 issue of the Official Gazette of the USPTO. The trademark shows the text "Old Forge" and claims a first use on July 4, 1924.

Connection with Thorsen Tools

In the early 1930s Quality Tools established a business relationship with Thorsen Tools, the distributor arm of Thorsen Manufacturing. Quality Tools was apparently acting as an eastern sales agent for Thorsen Tools, and Thorsen in turn offered Old Forge chisels and wrenches in its catalogs.

Fig. 326. 1933 Catalog Listing for Old Forge Open-End Wrenches.

Fig. 326 shows a catalog listing for Old Forge open-end wrenches, as published on page 30 of the Thorsen Tools catalog No. 3334 for 1933.

The arrangement between Quality Tools and Thorsen appears to have been in effect only briefly, as by 1935 Thorsen Tools had switched to Herbrand for wrenches and other tools, and Quality Tools was no longer listed as a sales office for Thorsen.

Old Forge T14 7/16 Long Tappet Wrench

Fig. 327. Old Forge T14 7/16 Long Tappet Wrench, with Inset for Marking Detail.

Fig. 327 shows an Old Forge T14 7/16 long tappet wrench, stamped "Old Forge" and "New Wilmington, PA." with the model number in the center.

The overall length is 12.5 inches, and the finish is cadmium plating.

Quincy, Manchester, Sargent Company

The Quincy, Manchester, Sargent Company (Q.M.S.) was a maker of railroad and automotive accessories and tools, and is most notable for its Auto-Clé socket sets. The Auto-Clé sets were first offered in late 1905, making them the first interchangeable socket sets for automotive use available in America.

Our article on the Frank Mossberg Company has extensive coverage of the Auto-Clé sets, but because of the significance of this product, we thought it would be worthwhile to explore the origin of the company that introduced these sets to the U.S. market.

Railway Appliances Corporation

The Auto-Clé sets were first marketed in America by the predecessor to Q.M.S., the Railway Appliances Corporation. According to a notice for a related company, Railway Appliances had been formed in 1900 by George H. Sargent and Percival Manchester, and operated in Chicago, Illinois.

Fig. 328. 1908 Notice Relating to Railway Appliances Corporation. [External Link]

Fig. 328 shows a notice providing incidental background information, as published on page 260 of the September, 1908 edition of Railway Master Mechanic. The text specifically notes that Railway Appliances had been formed in 1900.

A directory entry on page 214 [External Link] of the 1905 edition of the Illinois Certified List of Domestic and Foreign Corporations listed Railway Appliances at 184 Van Buren Street in Chicago, with Charles F. Quincy as President and Percival Manchester as Secretary.

The Auto-Clé socket tools were invented in France by Camille Contal and were covered by patents 751,055 and RE12,379, issued in 1904 and 1905 respectively. The socket sets are believed to have been produced in France beginning in 1904, and likely became popular with early automobile enthusiasts. Although we haven't found any specific information, it's possible that someone associated with Railway Appliances could have discovered the Auto-Clé socket set on a trip to Paris.

Railway Appliances began marketing the Auto-Clé sets in late 1905, and these early examples were likely marked with the Railway Appliances name. Although early advertisements list Railway Appliances as the manufacturer of the sets, we believe it's likely that the Frank Mossberg Company acted as contract manufacturers for the sets from the beginning.

Fig. 329. 1906 Notice for Railway Appliances Auto-Clé Set. [External Link]

Fig. 329 shows a composite scan of a notice published on pages 142-143 of the January 17, 1906 issue of The Horseless Age. The text states that the Auto-Clé set was "introduced last year", providing documentation for a 1905 introduction date.

The description notes that the sets included a ratchet, universal, hexagon and square sockets, and a spark plug socket. The sets were available in two sizes, a small version with 10 sockets and a larger version with 30 sockets.

Fig. 330. 1906 Ad for Railway Appliances Auto-Clé Set.

The scan in Fig. 330 shows an early ad for the small Auto-Clé set, as published on page 344 [External Link] of the April 1, 1906 issue of the Cycle and Automobile Trade Journal.

The earliest known catalog listing for the Auto-Clé sets is on page 52 of the 1906 Ballou-Wright Automobile Supplies catalog No. 2, which offered the small set for $12.00 and the large set for $18.00 list price. The catalog illustration is the same as the ad at the left.

As a side note, the Ballou-Wright catalog No. 2 is available as a reprint from the Oregon Historical Society.

The Formation of the Quincy, Manchester, Sargent Company

In February of 1906 the Q.M.S. company was incorporated as the successor to Railway Appliances and other related businesses. The incorporation date was found on page 2481 [External Link] of the 1908 edition of Moody's Manual of Railroads and Corporations, along with other corporate information. In particular, the officers were W.D. Sargent as Chairman, C.F. Quincy as President, and Percival Manchester as Vice-President and Treasurer. (George H. Sargent, the founder of Railway Appliances, was listed as a member of the Board of Directors.) The address of the main office was given as Plainfield, New Jersey.

Fig. 331. 1906 Notice for Quincy, Manchester, Sargent Company.

Fig. 331 shows a notice announcing the formation of the Quincy, Manchester, Sargent Company, as published on page 160 [External Link] of the April, 1906 issue of American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The text notes Q.M.S. as the successor to the Railroad Appliances Corporation and related businesses.

Fig. 332. 1908 Advertisement for Quincy, Manchester, Sargent, Company.

Fig. 332 shows an ad for the Auto-Clé sets offered by the Q.M.S. company, as published on page 1119 [External Link] of the December 31, 1908 issue of Motor Age.

The illustration shows three sets: the large Auto-Clé at the upper left, the small Auto-Clé at the upper right, and the "Titus-Clé" at the bottom. The latter set had a folding handle instead of a ratchet, allowing it to fit in a very compact case.

Note that the top cover of the large set shows the Frank Mossberg Company as distributors.

In late 1908 the Auto-Clé line was acquired by the Frank Mossberg Company and became one of their best-selling products. More information on these interesting and significant products can be found in our article on Mossberg Auto-Clé Socket Sets.

After acquiring the Auto-Clé line, Mossberg continued to supply Auto-Clé sets to Q.M.S. and acted as a distributor for the sets.

Then in late 1909 Q.M.S. formed a Motor Parts Company division to handle all of their automotive specialties, and Auto-Clé sets sold by Q.M.S. after that time were marked with the Motor Parts name.

Fig. 333. Detail for Cover of Auto-Clé No.1 Socket Set, ca. 1909-1912.

Fig. 333 shows the Motor Parts Company logo on the top cover of a socket set, with "Auto-Clé" inside an oval design resembling an old-fashioned keyhole. Within the oval are the markings "Motor Parts Co." and "Plainfield, N.J.", with "Reg. U.S. Pat. Off." below the oval.

The markings are printed on (or possibly burned into) the wood cover, rather than being attached as a decal, as was commonly done for later Mossberg socket sets.

The full socket set can be seen as the Auto-Clé No. 1 Set in our article on the Frank Mossberg Company.